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Introduction à la blockchain des archivistes
Le 28 septembre 2017, j’étais invité par eFutura pour introduire une table ronde concernant la blockchain des archivistes. Exercice inédit pour moi qui avais pour objectif d’introduire un maximum de concepts en seulement 10 minutes. Autant dire que c’était très chaud.Je vous livre ici le support légèrement modifié ainsi qu’un résumé de la présentation.Si au premier abord, vous pouvez vous demander si on peut trouver un rapport entre blockchain et archiviste. Quand on parle de blockchain, on pense automatiquement à bitcoin et là il y a tout un imaginaire qui s’offre à nous :
Imaginaire de la blockchain
Les archivistes vont-ils s’échanger une monnaie appelée archivecoin ? Et se lancer dans le trafic de « trésors nationaux »? Pourquoi pas. Nous connaissons tous leur goût pour les endroits sombres (mais surtout pas trop humides).Il existe cependant aussi d’autres outils quotidiens de l’archiviste qui se rapprochent de la blockchain et qui méritent que nous les observions de plus près.
La journalisation NF Z42-013Le rapport entre blockchain et archiviste se trouve dans la norme NF Z42-013:2009 dans sa partie journalisation.Quand elle parle de l’attestation, la norme indique les choses suivantes :
L’attestation doit contenir au minimum l’empreinte des documents déposés.
Afin d’empêcher la modification d’un enregistrement effectué dans le journal de cycle de vie des archives, il est obligatoire d’horodater celui-ci au minimum une fois par jour y compris en cas d’absence d’activité.
La continuité de la journalisation doit être assurée.
Dans les clauses de sécurité pour les tiers-archiveurs électroniques (TAE), le norme indique que ce dernier doit garantir la sécurité et l’intégrité du journal du cycle de vie des archives et du journal des événements.Dans un système d’archivage électronique, il y a différentes manières de procéder afin de produire les journaux. Toutes ces manières respectent les trois principes précédemment cités:
- Empreinte
- Horodatage
- Continuité des journaux
Prenons l’exemple d’un versement d’archives. Quand les archives sont versées, le système va prendre une empreinte de chaque document. Les systèmes peuvent pousser jusqu’à prendre non seulement l’empreinte d’un document versé mais aussi de toute la trace, c’est à dire : la date et l’heure précise de l’événement, l’action réalisée et l’empreinte du document. Il est aussi possible de le sceller pour assurer son intégrité.Cette trace est ensuite ajoutée au journal.En fin de journée, le journal est clôturé. Le journal du jour suivant est alors ouvert avec le versement du journal tout juste clôturé. Nous avons alors notre premier chaînage.
Principe de la journalisation NF Z 42-013
Une blockchain, c’est exactement la même chose. Enfin presque…Si nous faisons le parallèle : une blockchain, c’est un grand registre (ensemble de journaux pour la NF Z42-013) sur lequel on inscrirait tout type d’informations (des événements sur un système ou des archives pour le NF Z42-013).Ce registre est dupliqué chez chaque participant. C’est la différence avec la NF Z42-013 où il n’y pas de notion de participant et donc personne chez qui dupliquer notre registre. Chaque participant dispose du registre au complet.Des nœuds sont chargés de tenir à jour le registre et de vérifier les inscriptions qui y sont faites. Ces inscriptions sont faites par les participants en transmettant leur transaction aux noeuds du réseau.Ainsi, si vous avez compris la « logchain », vous avez compris la blockchain. Le reste n’est que mécanismes cryptographiques et consensus algorithmique.
Les types de blockchainJe catégorise les blockchains en trois types:
Types de blockchain
- Publique : tout le monde y a accès pour y faire « ce qui est prévu d’y faire ». Généralement c’est de l’échange de cryptomonnaie ou de bonds.
- De consortium : des gens très sérieux décident de partager de l’information ou des preuves d’existence et de consistance d’information. Par exemple les compagnies aériennes pourraient s’échanger des moyens de vérifier des informations sur les passagers. Une compagnie pourrait échanger ce type d’information avec des hôteliers ou des loueurs de véhicules.
- Privée : Celle qui ne sert à rien. Vous êtes tout seul et vous l’utilisez pour stocker de l’information. Autant faire une base de données. Sauf si vous avez l’idée à terme de partager la blockchain.
Parmi les technologies, on retrouve des plateformes assez différentes :
Exemples de technologies de blockchain
Dans ce domaine, les alliances se forment. IBM mise sur Hyperledger et s’assure une diffusion large (et une sorte de blanc seing) grâce à la Linux Foundation.En réponse, Microsoft, Intel, Accenture et des banques s’associent pour adapter Ethereum aux pratiques de la banque. Réponse du berger à la bergère.Les technologies ne sont pas figées: ainsi Microsoft adapte Ethereum au lieu de la reprendre telle quelle.De plus, cela bouge aussi du côté de Ethereum. Les développeurs ont décidé de changer de type de consensus en 2018.
Anatomie de la blockchainUne blockchain, c’est donc trois éléments importants:
- Un bloc
- Des transactions dans les blocs
- Le chaînage entre les blocs
Anatomie d’une blockchain
La transactionUne transaction, c’est une ligne inscrite dans le registre de compte.Construisons notre propre transaction:
La transaction
“Bob donne à Alice une montre à gousset le 1er Mars”. C’est notre transaction.
Bob signe cette transaction (en la chiffrant avec sa clé privée) afin de résoudre quelques problèmes « mineurs » :
- l’authentification
- la non-répudiation
- L’intégrité de la transaction
Vu que la transaction est chiffrée, nous indiquons que c’est bien Bob qui l’a signée. Cela permet de savoir que c’est sa clé publique qu’il faut utiliser #astuceDeGrandMère.Nous pouvons faire évoluer notre transaction en lui ajoutant une valeur (pratique si l’on envisage de créer une monnaie), une date (on reviendra sur la notion d’horodatage plus loin) ou des frais si notre blockchain rémunère ceux qui vont s’accorder sur la validité de nos transactions.Le bitcoin, quant à lui, ne conservera que la valeur, les frais étant fixés par le système.Une fois que notre transaction est bien formée, elle est diffusée dans le réseau puis est raccrochée à un bloc.
Le blocLe bloc, c’est une enveloppe. C’est l’équivalent de notre page du registre sur laquelle sont inscrites des transactions. Nous allons y retrouver l’ensemble des transactions mais pas uniquement cela. Le noeud qui va tenter de faire accepter le bloc doit d’abord le finaliser. Nous y ajoutons donc :
- l’empreinte du bloc auquel on veut le raccrocher
- une date (on va y venir concernant l’horodatage, promis)
- L’arbre de Merkle
L’arbre de Merkle permet de réaliser un chaînage des transactions entre elles. Il s’agit d’un arbre dont chaque niveau est l’empreinte des niveaux inférieurs. Alors que les transactions n’ont rien à voir entre elles, l’arbre de Merkle matérialise une interdépendance.
Construction de l’arbre de Merkle
La racine de l’arbre de Merkle se retrouve dans l’entête du bloc. Avec cet arbre, nous pouvons faire de nombreuses vérifications.Pour les acteurs d’une blockchain qui disposent d’une copie chez eux, il leur est possible de vérifier que la racine de l’arbre d’un bloc qu’ils ont en leur possession correspond bien à celle des autres participants, ainsi qu’à toutes les transactions qu’ils stockent. Cela rend toute altération du bloc impossible.Celui qui ne dispose que d’une transaction peut assez rapidement vérifier que celle-ci a eu lieu. Il suffira alors de ne télécharger auprès d’une première source que l’entête du bloc qui contient la transaction. Il pourra y retrouver la racine de l’arbre de Merkle.Ensuite, le client récupère, auprès d’autres sources, les éléments manquants afin de réaliser la vérification de l’empreinte de la racine de l’arbre de Merkle.Cette vérification ne nécessite pas de télécharger tout l’arbre de Merkle, seules certaines parties suffisent :
Vérification d’une transaction
A terme, quand la blockchain sera trop grosse pour être stockée par tous, il sera possible de ne conserver que des versions allégées des anciens blocs. Ainsi, en interrogeant d’autres sources, il sera possible de télécharger et vérifier les éléments manquants tout en s’assurant que tout le monde parle bien du même bloc.
Le nonce ou comment faire accepter un bloc au réseauA ce stade, tout est prêt pour transmettre le bloc aux autres participants. Cependant qu’est-ce qui me prouve que je peux vous faire confiance et que vous n’êtes pas en train de tenter de réaliser des transactions malhonnêtes ?Pour cela, un concept génial on été inventé : le consensus. Des gens se mettent autour d’une table et se débrouillent pour se mettre d’accord selon des règles préétablies au départ. Un peu comme des chefs d’Etat qui tenteraient de trouver un accord sur le nucléaire Nord Coréen.Il y a différents types de moyens de se mettre d’accord selon les cas :
- Le proof of work : C’est la méthode « bitcoin ». Il consiste à produire un bloc ayant la plus petite empreinte possible.
- Le proof of stake : Celui qui a le plus d’enjeux dans la blockchain décide. Pour de la monnaie, il doit posséder une certaine quantité de celle-ci. Il devient un « validateur ». –Peercoin, Ethereum en 2018
- Le proof of activity : il s’agit d’un mélange de proof of work et de proof of stake. le calcul s’arrêtera quand un certain nombre de signatures de nœuds aura été apposé sur le bloc candidat.
- Proof of burn : il s’agit de dépenser de l’argent vers une adresse qui n’existe pas afin d’être sélectionné par le réseau pour miner le bloc.
Et beaucoup d’autres :
- Proof of capacity
- Proof of elapsed time
- Byzantine fault tolerance
Pour bitcoin, le proof of work est utilisé. Le minage consiste à atteindre la plus petite empreinte possible. Cela se fait en introduisant une variable (un nonce) qui va faire varier l’empreinte du bloc.Avec ces algorithmes, il est impossible de prévoir à l’avance à partir d’une empreinte, à quel fichier cela correspond. Ainsi il est nécessaire réaliser des tentatives de calcul d’empreinte en faisant varier une variable (le nonce) jusqu’à l’atteinte d’une empreinte satisfaisant aux règles du consensus.
Consensus Proof of Work
Une fois que le bloc est bien formé et qu’il fera consensus, il peut être distribué.
La notion de « date certaine » avec la blockchainPetit aparté sur l’horodatage: Sujet ô complexe (en fait pas du tout).À la notion de date certaine, la blockchain répond par le principe du consensus.Dans notre blockchain, nous avons choisi de dater les transactions. Il peut s’agir de la date de réalisation de la transaction ou dans le cas de bitcoin de la date de réception de la transaction par le noeud. A peu de choses près, cela s’est passé au même moment et n’est pas très important.Ce qui va être important, c’est le scellement du bloc. Dans notre blockchain, nous pouvons décider que la date du bloc valide doit dater de moins de deux heures pour être accepté par tous les autres noeuds. C’est d’ailleurs le principe adopté par bitcoin.Ainsi, on repose encore une fois sur une règle de consensus écrite à l’avance pour déterminer la “date certaine” du bloc. Tout ce travail pour faire consensus n’aura donc pas été vain.
En conclusion : blockchain ou base de données ?
Vous pouvez récupérer la présentation ici Principes de la blockchain
Image d’entête : Fingerprint, Sculpture outside Wagner Park, Manhattan | Charles Dyer | CC BY 2.0
Cet article Introduction à la blockchain des archivistes est apparu en premier sur Kevin Lagaisse.
PERICLES Newsletter - March 2017 (Final)
PERICLES Newsletter - March 2017 (Final)
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
All
good things must
come to
an end
source And so this is our last newsletter, as the PERICLES project has come to an end on 31 March 2017. Thank you all so much for your support and your interest in our project and its results.
Though we have already reported on many successfully launched and published results and events, we did keep some titbits for last. So please read on.
As a way to celebrate the end of the project, we have prepared for our work to be carried into the future:
Latest research deliverables
D3.4 Language for change management
In this deliverable we introduce the main principles of ReAL (Resource Action Language), a language developed by project partner XEROX, designed to address the need for systems to react to the stimuli received from continually evolving environments hence supporting change management in long-term digital preservation.
D2.3.5 Final Evaluation Report
This evaluation report is the result of a participatory evaluation done by project partners TATE and B.USOC assessing the value of the research carried out in the past 4 years for their domain. Rather than using their experience and understanding from the project as a measure to predict the potential for future generations, both reflected and analysed at how the collaboration
D7.3 Report on training activities
This report analyses the work done within PERICLES for the purpose of promoting the project results through the medium of training. Based on the experience in terms both of success and lessons learnt, we offer guidance for other projects facing the challenge of designing training events and material for sophisticated theoretical and abstract research and technical development outcomes.
D8.3 Report on dissemination activities
This deliverable analyses the work done within PERICLES for the purpose of disseminating the project results on a large scale and promoting the results within the stakeholder communities. We offer guidance for other projects facing the challenge of disseminating sophisticated theoretical and abstract research and technological development outcomes to the public and key stakeholders of the user communities with limited technical background.
D9.3 Report on technology transfer activities
This deliverable analyses the work done within PERICLES for the purpose of creating a basis to ensure the sustainability of the project results. We offer guidance for other projects facing the challenge of planning and preparing actions to sustain sophisticated theoretical and abstract research and IT development outcomes which are not market-ready, but need to be taken up by the research and user communities for the next maturity level.
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VISIT NOW
PRESERVEWARE
This is a digital preservation hub where you can discover tools, publications on research and guidelines for best practices, and documents and videos explaining and introducing you to different relevant topics with regard to the tools and research. Check out THIS VIDEO
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Blog highlight
In this blog we introduce the Digital Ecosystem Model, a model developed within PERICLES to ensure accessibility and reuse of digital content in continually evolving environments. Based on the Linked Resource Model (LRM), the DEM is an ontology for modelling the interwoven relations, dependencies, and interactions of entities in digital ecosystems. Latest Videos
Watch this screencast to find out more about the Ecobuilder, a tool for the creation of Digital Ecosystem Models (DEMs) via Java API or via GUI. The DEM is an ontology for modelling the interwoven relations, dependencies, and interactions of entities in digital ecosystems.
The EcoBuilder is available under Apache v.2 Open Source license at this GitHub page. -->
Click on the play button to view an introductory video on the Entity Registry Model Repository (ERMR), a scalable data management system based on open standards that can be used to store data and capture the provenance of data and workflows. The ERMR was developed by project partner University of Liverpool.
As a central building block in the architectural PERICLES framework, the ERMR contributes to the change management approach. The ERMR is available at the GitHub page: https://github.com/pericles-project/ERMR --> Technology Watch
We are proud to announce the release of the Technical Appraisal Tool in this video
The technical appraisal tool is part of a suite of management tools developed during the project to demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of the model-driven preservation approach advocated by PERICLES. The tool analysis the risk of accessing and reusing digital objects (demonstrated here with video art objects) in view of technical obsolescence of entities within the objects ecosystem (such as codec, video player). The tool is open source and has been published on github for take up and further development.
https://github.com/pericles-project/TechnicalAppraisalTool --> Latest publications
White Paper:
ACTING ON CHANGE. Model-driven management of evolving digital ecosystems.
This white paper outlines current discussions and proposals to meet emerging challenges with regards to the management of digital assets in the face of continually evolving digital ecosystems. It makes case for a stronger collaboration between preservation experts and record managers, proposing a model-driven approach to be integrated into current management frameworks to prepare for managing change impacting or threatening the usefulness of digital information. -->
After a year-long discussion the PERICLES Communities of Practice have summarised their findings in a series of reports and co-authored publications aimed to inspire the wider community and support further research on topics fundamental to issues and challenges in digital preservation.
CoP on Evolving Semantics: 'An overview of Semantic Change: Understanding the Phenomenon, Current Trends and Future Research Roadmap'.
The work of this CoP culminated in the workshop on Semantic Change & Evolving Semantics "SuCCESS2016" at the Semantics Conference in September 2016 in Leipzig. Their report reflects over a year of discussions and knowledge exchange by researchers interested in the research and application of the area of evolving semantics and is a summary of those conversations. The document also touches upon recent research in the area of semantic change, starting with the role of semiotics in identifying semantic drift, to content and community change in the media-art case study, and finally to the study and detection of semantic drift in ontologies.
CoP related to Software-based Art Conservation Challenges: 'Interdisciplinary Discussions about the Conservation of Software-Based Art'.
The idea for this series of meetings hosted by Tate arose from the realisation that managing technical change in software-based art is not only a common concern for practitioners working in the field but also of interest to the research community. A group of engaged expert practitioners and researchers were invited to consider a set of topics at the core of the conservation of software-based artworks. Six discussion sessions were organised over a period of one year.
CoP related to The Lives of Digital Things: 'The Lives of Digital Things: A Community of Practice Dialogue'.
The report was compiled from four virtual conversations the primary aim of which was to explore the different ways in which the ‘Lives of digital things’ are thought about through different digital preservation practices and contexts.
CoP related to the Reuse of Science Data: 'An overview on the reuse of data in the science domain'.
This report summarises the discussions conducted over the course of four intense meetings with scientists interested in fostering reuse of data. --> Join the MOOC PERICLES partners Center for Research and Technology, Hellas (Greece) and University of Borås (Sweden) invite you to the MOOC now running on Udemy Dynamics of Knowledge Organisation An interdisciplinary approach to time, change, semantics and ordering Together we’ll explore the involvement and application of semantics in Digital Preservation. We will look at the difference between sentence and word meaning as well as how semantic decay endangers access to digital objects over time. We will also explore the shared concerns of philosophy, semantics, semiotics, logic, and information science to model and understand semantic drifts that endanger future access to preserved content.
-->
Copyright ©2017 PERICLES, All rights reserved.
Our mailing address is:
info@pericles-project.eu
unsubscribe from this list update subscription preferences
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Allgood things must
come to
an end
source And so this is our last newsletter, as the PERICLES project has come to an end on 31 March 2017. Thank you all so much for your support and your interest in our project and its results.
Though we have already reported on many successfully launched and published results and events, we did keep some titbits for last. So please read on.
As a way to celebrate the end of the project, we have prepared for our work to be carried into the future:
- the launch and gradual growth of the PRESERVEWARE digital preservation hub
- the publication of a white paper on model-driven management of evolving digital repositories
- the creation of a MOOC on the Dynamics of Knowledge Organisation on Udemy
- a collection of recommendations based on lessons learned within the work of dissemination, training and technology transfer for funded RTD projects
- the production of several screencasts demonstrating or explaining our latest tools such as the Technical Appraisal Tool, ERMR, the EcoBuilder and the Digital Ecosystem Model
Latest research deliverables
D3.4 Language for change managementIn this deliverable we introduce the main principles of ReAL (Resource Action Language), a language developed by project partner XEROX, designed to address the need for systems to react to the stimuli received from continually evolving environments hence supporting change management in long-term digital preservation.
D2.3.5 Final Evaluation Report
This evaluation report is the result of a participatory evaluation done by project partners TATE and B.USOC assessing the value of the research carried out in the past 4 years for their domain. Rather than using their experience and understanding from the project as a measure to predict the potential for future generations, both reflected and analysed at how the collaboration
D7.3 Report on training activities
This report analyses the work done within PERICLES for the purpose of promoting the project results through the medium of training. Based on the experience in terms both of success and lessons learnt, we offer guidance for other projects facing the challenge of designing training events and material for sophisticated theoretical and abstract research and technical development outcomes.
D8.3 Report on dissemination activities
This deliverable analyses the work done within PERICLES for the purpose of disseminating the project results on a large scale and promoting the results within the stakeholder communities. We offer guidance for other projects facing the challenge of disseminating sophisticated theoretical and abstract research and technological development outcomes to the public and key stakeholders of the user communities with limited technical background.
D9.3 Report on technology transfer activities
This deliverable analyses the work done within PERICLES for the purpose of creating a basis to ensure the sustainability of the project results. We offer guidance for other projects facing the challenge of planning and preparing actions to sustain sophisticated theoretical and abstract research and IT development outcomes which are not market-ready, but need to be taken up by the research and user communities for the next maturity level.
-->
VISIT NOW
PRESERVEWARE
This is a digital preservation hub where you can discover tools, publications on research and guidelines for best practices, and documents and videos explaining and introducing you to different relevant topics with regard to the tools and research. Check out THIS VIDEO
-->
Blog highlight
In this blog we introduce the Digital Ecosystem Model, a model developed within PERICLES to ensure accessibility and reuse of digital content in continually evolving environments. Based on the Linked Resource Model (LRM), the DEM is an ontology for modelling the interwoven relations, dependencies, and interactions of entities in digital ecosystems. Latest Videos
Watch this screencast to find out more about the Ecobuilder, a tool for the creation of Digital Ecosystem Models (DEMs) via Java API or via GUI. The DEM is an ontology for modelling the interwoven relations, dependencies, and interactions of entities in digital ecosystems.The EcoBuilder is available under Apache v.2 Open Source license at this GitHub page. -->
Click on the play button to view an introductory video on the Entity Registry Model Repository (ERMR), a scalable data management system based on open standards that can be used to store data and capture the provenance of data and workflows. The ERMR was developed by project partner University of Liverpool.As a central building block in the architectural PERICLES framework, the ERMR contributes to the change management approach. The ERMR is available at the GitHub page: https://github.com/pericles-project/ERMR --> Technology Watch
We are proud to announce the release of the Technical Appraisal Tool in this video
The technical appraisal tool is part of a suite of management tools developed during the project to demonstrate the usefulness and applicability of the model-driven preservation approach advocated by PERICLES. The tool analysis the risk of accessing and reusing digital objects (demonstrated here with video art objects) in view of technical obsolescence of entities within the objects ecosystem (such as codec, video player). The tool is open source and has been published on github for take up and further development.https://github.com/pericles-project/TechnicalAppraisalTool --> Latest publications
White Paper:
ACTING ON CHANGE. Model-driven management of evolving digital ecosystems.
This white paper outlines current discussions and proposals to meet emerging challenges with regards to the management of digital assets in the face of continually evolving digital ecosystems. It makes case for a stronger collaboration between preservation experts and record managers, proposing a model-driven approach to be integrated into current management frameworks to prepare for managing change impacting or threatening the usefulness of digital information. -->
After a year-long discussion the PERICLES Communities of Practice have summarised their findings in a series of reports and co-authored publications aimed to inspire the wider community and support further research on topics fundamental to issues and challenges in digital preservation. CoP on Evolving Semantics: 'An overview of Semantic Change: Understanding the Phenomenon, Current Trends and Future Research Roadmap'.
The work of this CoP culminated in the workshop on Semantic Change & Evolving Semantics "SuCCESS2016" at the Semantics Conference in September 2016 in Leipzig. Their report reflects over a year of discussions and knowledge exchange by researchers interested in the research and application of the area of evolving semantics and is a summary of those conversations. The document also touches upon recent research in the area of semantic change, starting with the role of semiotics in identifying semantic drift, to content and community change in the media-art case study, and finally to the study and detection of semantic drift in ontologies.
CoP related to Software-based Art Conservation Challenges: 'Interdisciplinary Discussions about the Conservation of Software-Based Art'.
The idea for this series of meetings hosted by Tate arose from the realisation that managing technical change in software-based art is not only a common concern for practitioners working in the field but also of interest to the research community. A group of engaged expert practitioners and researchers were invited to consider a set of topics at the core of the conservation of software-based artworks. Six discussion sessions were organised over a period of one year.
CoP related to The Lives of Digital Things: 'The Lives of Digital Things: A Community of Practice Dialogue'.
The report was compiled from four virtual conversations the primary aim of which was to explore the different ways in which the ‘Lives of digital things’ are thought about through different digital preservation practices and contexts.
CoP related to the Reuse of Science Data: 'An overview on the reuse of data in the science domain'.
This report summarises the discussions conducted over the course of four intense meetings with scientists interested in fostering reuse of data. --> Join the MOOC PERICLES partners Center for Research and Technology, Hellas (Greece) and University of Borås (Sweden) invite you to the MOOC now running on Udemy Dynamics of Knowledge Organisation An interdisciplinary approach to time, change, semantics and ordering Together we’ll explore the involvement and application of semantics in Digital Preservation. We will look at the difference between sentence and word meaning as well as how semantic decay endangers access to digital objects over time. We will also explore the shared concerns of philosophy, semantics, semiotics, logic, and information science to model and understand semantic drifts that endanger future access to preserved content.
-->
Copyright ©2017 PERICLES, All rights reserved.Our mailing address is:
info@pericles-project.eu
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Categorieën: Informatievoorziening, Voortbestaan
Le SHA1 est mort, vive le SHA1
Cela fait plus de 10 ans que l’on nous dit d’arrêter d’utiliser SHA1 comme algorithme cryptographique dans le cadre des relations de confiance. Google vient de nous annoncer qu’il est vraiment temps de passer à autre chose, en théorie.
Suite à la publication des travaux de Google et du CWI Institute d’Amsterdam, il est possible de générer sans aucun coût des fichiers différents ayant la même empreinte sha1.
This is how the SHA1 collision PDF format trick works (it's really an embedded JPEG format trick) pic.twitter.com/ogPuPegKL6
— Hector Martin (@marcan42) February 24, 2017
Si certains systèmes risquent de planter car ils se basent sur sha1 pour se repérer (systèmes de dédoublonnage notamment), dans la pratique il y a peu de cas où cela risque de se produire en dehors de la malveillance.
Cependant, quand cela se produit, les conséquences peuvent être importantes que cela soit en matière de perte de confiance ou de perte d’information dans le cadre d’un acte de malveillance.
Le risque de perte de confiancePour illustrer le risque que pose cette découverte en matière de confiance, prenons un exemple :
Kevin doit 10€ à David. En bon amis et vue la somme importante en jeu, Kevin prépare une reconnaissance de dettes.
En bon filou, Kevin réalise deux documents:
- Dans le premier, il inscrit qu’il doit 10€ à David
- Dans le second, il inscrit que c’est David qui lui doit 10€
Les deux documents ont la même empreinte sha1 :
C87BC2A068B741FF2F3CD0AFE8D10EE324717C27Ensuite, Kevin et David signent le premier document avec leurs clés privées respectives, toutes deux basées sur sha1 (ce qui devrait être très peu probable en 2017).
View FullscreenKevin, de son côté, archive le second document et la signature du premier document dans son système d’archivage légal.
View FullscreenDavid fait de même avec le premier document.
Comme les deux documents ont la même empreinte, il n’est pas possible de dire sur quoi porte exactement la signature, et donc de prouver qui est redevable à qui. Imaginez la tête du juge qui doit trancher entre Kevin et David.
Les conséquences d’un acte de malveillancePour cela prenons un exemple très concret :
David est administrateur d’une plateforme d’archivage conforme NF Z 42-013. Le système choisi par son entreprise réalise une empreinte sha1 de tout document versé, signe cette empreinte et inscrit l’action de versement dans les journaux.
David, en conflit avec son employeur, décide de se connecter aux baies de stockage SAN avec son compte admin. Il y remplace tous les contrats concernant le patrimoine de son entreprise par des fichiers contenant la littérature anglo-saxonne.
Le système d’archivage continue d’indiquer que les documents sont intègres mais l’entreprise de David a perdu tous les documents relevant de son patrimoine.
ConclusionA ce stade, la meilleure solution reste à vérifier que l’analyse des risques couvre bien ces cas. Il se peut même que des actions mises en place pour d’autres événements redoutés couvrent les cas de malveillance liés à l’obsolescence du sha1.
Au final, il n’est pas nécessaire de se lancer dans une migration des empreintes déjà réalisées. Au mieux, il est possible de patcher les systèmes en place pour détecter les fichiers qui exploitent cette vulnérabilité.
Pour les nouveaux systèmes, il est préférable de passer à du sha256, sha512 ou encore mieux Blake2.
Le site : https://shattered.io/
La publication : https://shattered.io/static/shattered.pdf
Le schéma explicatif (png) : PDF format collision
Le collisionneur de PDF : https://alf.nu/SHA1
Image d’entête : Kryptos sculpture, Smithsonian | wanderingYew2 | CC BY 2.0
Cet article Le SHA1 est mort, vive le SHA1 est apparu en premier sur Kevin Lagaisse.
PERICLES Newsletter - February 2017
PERICLES Newsletter - February 2017
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
With love from Edinburgh
Thanks to a highly engaged and inspired group of 25 professionals and experts from archives, library and research data management domains, our workshop on Technical Appraisal of Complex Digital Objects in Evolving Environments marked a successful last appearance at the IDCC conferences. It was the third workshop in three consecutive years and we are proud that it was so well received by attendees of the 12th International Digital Curation Conference (Edinburgh, 20-23 February 2017). The hands-on workshop gave us the opportunity to introduce and discuss a suite of tools that was developed by PERICLES partners in support of the model-driven preservation approach investigated during the project. The focus here was to mitigate the risk impact of technological change and to provide sound information for proactive management of digital ecosystems.
As the PERICLES project reaches its conclusion on 31 March, it was important to underpin the abstract approach of preservation by design with tools that would express the practical use, the opportunities offered, and the potential benefit of a model-driven approach. As the primary purpose of the tools developed during the project is to prove the scope of possibilities and substantiate the concept, the tools are not developed to the full maturity level. As they are open source, they are available for further development. The feedback gathered in the workshop informs future developers of the tool on the interest of users and their proposals for improvement.
For the participants, the appraisal tool was of greatest interest. It provides analytics to offer quite reliable predictions on when software and hardware components will be obsolete and might threaten the access and reuse of digital objects, for example when a video codec needs to be changed as to comply with the next generations of video players. The tool will be released on GitHub by the end of March 2017.
Simon Waddington, who created the tool together with Jun Zhang, both from King’s College London, offered an overview on the technical appraisal tool (see SlideShare). Attendees were invited to play with the tool and respond to a series on questions capturing users feedback.
The second part of the workshop was dedicated to the introduction of the EcoBuilder and the Process Compiler tools in the context of the PERICLES model-driven approach. This was followed by a group exercise, which helped attendees understand the core functionalities of the EcoBuilder for the creation of a Digital Ecosystem Model, and the Process Compiler, which is a core component of the PERICLES architecture that compiles RDF-based preservation processes into executable BPMN workflow (see SlideShare).
Blog highlight
Find out more about the Policy Editor in our interview with Rani Pinchuk, Division Manager at Space Application Services. This tool is a recent addition to the suite of Digital Ecosystem Management tools developed during the PERICLES project. -->
The Space Science Data Portal
The research carried out by PERICLES has been driven by and evaluated against two distinct groups of case studies focused around different application domains and communities: on the one hand, digital artworks, and on the other hand, space science data originating from the European Space Agency and International Space Station.
Based on this latter case study, PERICLES partner Space Application Services (SpaceApps) has developed an application to fit a preservation system in the workflow of the Belgian User Support and Operations Centre (B.USOC) with a particular focus on the SOLAR experiment that is operated by B.USOC. In this recent blog post we interviewed SpaceApps Division Manager Rani Pinchuk to find out more about the Space Science Data Portal. Technology Watch
The PERICLES project announces the release of PeriCoDe, a proof of concept prototype which facilitates image retrieval from large repositories by using the SALIC (Social Active Learning for Image Classification) approach to automatically train concept detectors without requiring significant annotation efforts. This toolbox facilitates the application of active learning in multimedia data. Find out more in this blog which also offers an introduction to active learning.
Upcoming Events
This section presents events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
Archiving 2017, Riga, 15-18 May 2017
The IS&T Archiving Conference brings together an international community of imaging experts and technicians as well as curators, managers, and researchers from libraries, archives, museums, records management repositories, information technology institutions, and commercial enterprises to explore and discuss the field of digitization of cultural heritage and archiving. The conference presents the latest research results on digitization and curation, provides a forum to explore new strategies and policies, and reports on successful projects that can serve as benchmarks in the field. Archiving 2017 is a blend of short courses, invited focal papers, keynote talks, and peer-reviewed oral and interactive display presentations, offering attendees a unique opportunity for gaining and exchanging knowledge and building networks among professionals.
Read more
TPDL2017, Thessaloniki, 18-21 September 2017
The 21st edition of the International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries holds the general theme "Part of the Machine: turning complex into scalable" and wants to create a dialogue that will address the challenge of creatively transforming these highly synthesised environments into solutions that can scale for the benefit of varied communities. Digital libraries are complex systems that respond to the needs of multiple communities with escalating requirements. Undoubtedly the effect of big data in research and development is immense and their collection, aggregation, analysis and interpretation is currently the main trend. However, smaller developments are equally interesting in giving the example of managing highly structured and organised information resources.
Individual researchers and research groups are invited to submit full papers, short papers, posters and demonstrations on the topics listed here, but on other relevant topics as well. Submission deadline for full and short papers is April 7, 2017.
Find out more -->
Webinar
Arkivum, the UK-based provider of data safeguarding and long-term data lifecycle management solutions, has started an insightful new series of free webinars on the topic of digital preservation (DP). The online sessions will cover key questions of interest to the DP community as well as some real-life examples of record offices who are succeeding in navigating the challenges of digital preservation. The first webinar covered some real-life examples of record offices who are succeeding in navigating the challenges of digital preservation. Next session will take place on Monday 27th February.
Register here to reserve your place. If you can't attend the webinar on the day, you can still register and you will be sent a recording after it has taken place. --> Copyright ©2017 PERICLES, All rights reserved.
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
With love from Edinburgh
Thanks to a highly engaged and inspired group of 25 professionals and experts from archives, library and research data management domains, our workshop on Technical Appraisal of Complex Digital Objects in Evolving Environments marked a successful last appearance at the IDCC conferences. It was the third workshop in three consecutive years and we are proud that it was so well received by attendees of the 12th International Digital Curation Conference (Edinburgh, 20-23 February 2017). The hands-on workshop gave us the opportunity to introduce and discuss a suite of tools that was developed by PERICLES partners in support of the model-driven preservation approach investigated during the project. The focus here was to mitigate the risk impact of technological change and to provide sound information for proactive management of digital ecosystems.
As the PERICLES project reaches its conclusion on 31 March, it was important to underpin the abstract approach of preservation by design with tools that would express the practical use, the opportunities offered, and the potential benefit of a model-driven approach. As the primary purpose of the tools developed during the project is to prove the scope of possibilities and substantiate the concept, the tools are not developed to the full maturity level. As they are open source, they are available for further development. The feedback gathered in the workshop informs future developers of the tool on the interest of users and their proposals for improvement.
For the participants, the appraisal tool was of greatest interest. It provides analytics to offer quite reliable predictions on when software and hardware components will be obsolete and might threaten the access and reuse of digital objects, for example when a video codec needs to be changed as to comply with the next generations of video players. The tool will be released on GitHub by the end of March 2017.
Simon Waddington, who created the tool together with Jun Zhang, both from King’s College London, offered an overview on the technical appraisal tool (see SlideShare). Attendees were invited to play with the tool and respond to a series on questions capturing users feedback.
The second part of the workshop was dedicated to the introduction of the EcoBuilder and the Process Compiler tools in the context of the PERICLES model-driven approach. This was followed by a group exercise, which helped attendees understand the core functionalities of the EcoBuilder for the creation of a Digital Ecosystem Model, and the Process Compiler, which is a core component of the PERICLES architecture that compiles RDF-based preservation processes into executable BPMN workflow (see SlideShare).
Blog highlight
Find out more about the Policy Editor in our interview with Rani Pinchuk, Division Manager at Space Application Services. This tool is a recent addition to the suite of Digital Ecosystem Management tools developed during the PERICLES project. -->
The Space Science Data Portal
The research carried out by PERICLES has been driven by and evaluated against two distinct groups of case studies focused around different application domains and communities: on the one hand, digital artworks, and on the other hand, space science data originating from the European Space Agency and International Space Station.
Based on this latter case study, PERICLES partner Space Application Services (SpaceApps) has developed an application to fit a preservation system in the workflow of the Belgian User Support and Operations Centre (B.USOC) with a particular focus on the SOLAR experiment that is operated by B.USOC. In this recent blog post we interviewed SpaceApps Division Manager Rani Pinchuk to find out more about the Space Science Data Portal. Technology Watch
The PERICLES project announces the release of PeriCoDe, a proof of concept prototype which facilitates image retrieval from large repositories by using the SALIC (Social Active Learning for Image Classification) approach to automatically train concept detectors without requiring significant annotation efforts. This toolbox facilitates the application of active learning in multimedia data. Find out more in this blog which also offers an introduction to active learning.
Upcoming Events
This section presents events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
Archiving 2017, Riga, 15-18 May 2017
The IS&T Archiving Conference brings together an international community of imaging experts and technicians as well as curators, managers, and researchers from libraries, archives, museums, records management repositories, information technology institutions, and commercial enterprises to explore and discuss the field of digitization of cultural heritage and archiving. The conference presents the latest research results on digitization and curation, provides a forum to explore new strategies and policies, and reports on successful projects that can serve as benchmarks in the field. Archiving 2017 is a blend of short courses, invited focal papers, keynote talks, and peer-reviewed oral and interactive display presentations, offering attendees a unique opportunity for gaining and exchanging knowledge and building networks among professionals. Read more
TPDL2017, Thessaloniki, 18-21 September 2017
The 21st edition of the International Conference on Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries holds the general theme "Part of the Machine: turning complex into scalable" and wants to create a dialogue that will address the challenge of creatively transforming these highly synthesised environments into solutions that can scale for the benefit of varied communities. Digital libraries are complex systems that respond to the needs of multiple communities with escalating requirements. Undoubtedly the effect of big data in research and development is immense and their collection, aggregation, analysis and interpretation is currently the main trend. However, smaller developments are equally interesting in giving the example of managing highly structured and organised information resources.
Individual researchers and research groups are invited to submit full papers, short papers, posters and demonstrations on the topics listed here, but on other relevant topics as well. Submission deadline for full and short papers is April 7, 2017.
Find out more -->
WebinarArkivum, the UK-based provider of data safeguarding and long-term data lifecycle management solutions, has started an insightful new series of free webinars on the topic of digital preservation (DP). The online sessions will cover key questions of interest to the DP community as well as some real-life examples of record offices who are succeeding in navigating the challenges of digital preservation. The first webinar covered some real-life examples of record offices who are succeeding in navigating the challenges of digital preservation. Next session will take place on Monday 27th February.
Register here to reserve your place. If you can't attend the webinar on the day, you can still register and you will be sent a recording after it has taken place. --> Copyright ©2017 PERICLES, All rights reserved.
Categorieën: Informatievoorziening, Voortbestaan
PERICLES Newsletter - January 2017
PERICLES Newsletter - January 2017
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Ensuring long-term sustainability of PERICLES results
As the PERICLES project approaches its conclusion, we are focusing on communicating the finalised results and preparing for the long-term sustainability of research outputs.
Throughout the life of the project our team has been exploring various routes and came up with what we refer as our 'Technology Transfer Plan'.
We liked that term because it captured our focus on finding ways to “transfer the relay”. Many research results are not tangible products to be exploited by business, and those results that are tangible often lack the level of maturity and market-readiness to allow for identifying market-driven opportunities. We were looking for a promising strategy to encourage the transfer of knowledge acquired and assembled for further research by other parties and the software results for completion and adaptation by IT developers. Our investigations resulted in the creation of an information hub for professionals fostering knowledge transfer and sharing digital preservation IT solutions: from open source to proprietary products, from research approaches to implemented and tested practices.
This resource hub is called PRESERVEWARE and is free for anyone to explore and contribute content that they feel is worth sharing with the preservation community.
It is an open platform for all IT solutions and relevant research dedicated to managing and preserving digital assets over time, not only PERICLES results. To keep the hub itself sustainable, we propose a community-led policy and provide the necessary back and front end for editing and monitoring.
As we promote the site we would like to extend our invitation for contributions to our sustainability plan. PRESERVEWARE can host the following type of content:
Find our more about how to contribute here and feel free to send us your feedback (email: info@pericles-project.eu).
-->
Legacy from 'Eye of the Storm: Preserving Digital Content in an Ever-Changing World'
On 2 December 2016 PERICLES partners engaged directly with technical experts from the preservation domain to share and exchange technical knowledge on how the PERICLES approach could be beneficial in real-life conditions of future preservation practice. This Technology Transfer workshop took place at the Wellcome Collection Conference Centre as part of the PERICLES final project conference 'Acting on Change: New Approaches and Future practices in LTDP' (London, 30 Nov - 1 Dec 2016).
This full-day workshop offered a closer look at how the PERICLES developers propose to use and implement models into existing preservation workflows. The format of the workshop was based around the concept of “software-carpentry” supported through short tutorials with practical examples, which allowed participants to experiment with PERICLES tools with guidance from the presenters, ensuring a first-hand familiarisation with the implications of a model-driven approach. The presentations from each sessions are now available on Slideshare:
Latest deliverables
D6.6 Final version of Test Bed Implementation
In this deliverable we describe the final version of the PERICLES experimental Testbed for model-driven preservation. This is a virtualised computing environment for experimentation with and testing of a variety of tools and technologies developed by the PERICLES project for digital preservation.
D5.3 Complete tool suite for Ecosystem Management and Appraisal Processes
This document provides primarily a summary of the tools and approaches developed in support of digital ecosystem management (WP5), as well as reference to tools, models and approaches developed elsewhere in the project, including the project’s functional architecture described in the deliverable D3.5 Full Report on Digital Ecosystem Management.
Training activities
The PhD course "Dynamics of Knowledge Organization" is fully underway and involving 8 students from around Europe in a series of intensive lectures, seminars and labs, where they will also have the opportunity to play around with PERICLES software tools.
Organised in collaboration with the PERICLES FP7 project, this two-month course is run by the School of Library and Information Science, University of Borås and focuses on the nature and role of knowledge organization in a rapidly changing digital world. Tutors include Prof. Sándor Darányi (University of Borås) and Efstratios Kontopoulos, Semantic Web Researcher at CERTH/ITI.
The doctoral course stresses that time series of content, prominently semantic content, have become the subject of intensive interest over the past two decades for as diverse subject areas as digital preservation, knowledge engineering, data science, natural language processing, or document engineering, to name but a few. A fundamental understanding of the dynamics of knowledge also benefits the Library and Information Science as managing and ensuring the availability of knowledge is one of their core remits.
University of Borås and other PERICLES partners are also currently involved in the production of a MOOC with the same topic intended to become available on the FutureLearn platform. The experiences made during the course will inform and enrich the design of the mentioned MOOC.
Paper highlight
In the last newsletter we announced the release of the SemaDrift framework of tools and methods for measuring semantic drift across ontologies versions. This is the result of the research work carried out by PERICLES CERTH to support detection of change in the meaning of concepts within knowledge representation models, which play a central role in the management and long-term access and reuse of digital collections. In the paper entitled 'SemaDrift: A Protégé Plugin for Measuring Semantic Drift in Ontologies' we provide further information on the proposed framework and proof-of-concept applications.
SemaDrift has been developed under Apache V2 License and is available for download from http://mklab.iti.gr/project/semadrift-measure-semantic-drift-ontologies. -->
Blog highlight
In this month's blog post we present a practical example of how the PERICLES model-driven approach can help to implement, automate and manage change in a policy. 'Automatic policy application and change management' was also the focus of one of the 'PERICLES in Practice' sessions at the final project conference 'Acting on Change: new Approaches and Future Practices in LTDP'.
Click here to find out how the EUMESAT data policy example was used to demonstrate the change of policy in a real life scenario using PERICLES tools and methodology. Technology Watch
The PERICLES project announces the release of the Entity Registry and Model Repository (ERMR), a middleware component in support of long-term management of data collections and repositories. The ERMR comprises a state-of-the-art infrastructure that is standards-based and its capabilities as a reliable distributed data and semantic (metadata) repository are used to sustain all stages of the data life cycle, including workflow systems, digital libraries, preservation environments, and provenance research. In connection with the PERICLES ecosystem model, the ERMR contributes to the change management approach. As a central building block in the architectural PERICLES framework, it also supports reproducibility of an analysis, simulation, or implementation of change. The ERMR is available on: https://github.com/pericles-project/ERMR
Upcoming Events
This section presents events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
IDCC17, Edinburgh, 20-23 February 2017
The 12th International Digital Curation Conference (IDCC17) brings together digital curation professionals and educators with data producers and consumers to consider digital curation in a multi-disciplinary context.
The programme of workshops will include a free half-day workshop offered by PERICLES to introduce the technical appraisal tool and demonstrate how automated support for appraisal could enhance and complement the human decision-making process and contribute to long-term preservation, dealing with the challenge of continuous change. Register here.
RLUK 2017, London, 8-10 March 2017
Research Libraries UK invites all in the library and research communities, in the UK, Ireland and beyond to join in a discussion about the Future of Research. The national and international environment for higher education is changing more rapidly than ever; the 2017 conference will explore what the challenges will be for research libraries, and their role in the future of the research ecosystem. Read more
-->
Webinar
Arkivum, the UK-based provider of data safeguarding and long-term data lifecycle management solutions, is starting an insightful new series of free webinars on the topic of digital preservation (DP). The online sessions will cover key questions of interest to the DP community as well as some real-life examples of record offices who are succeeding in navigating the challenges of digital preservation.
Register here to reserve your place. If you can't attend the webinar on the day, you can still register and you will be sent a recording after it has taken place. -->
Call for papers
Appraisal in the digital era
eabh in co-operation with BNP Paribas and Banque Lombard Odier
22 June 2017, Paris, France
This one-day workshop is designed for archivists, records managers and information professionals of financial and public institutions, as well as researchers and users of digital archival material.
You can find the Call for Papers at http://bankinghistory.org/wp-content/uploads/Call-for-Papers_Appraisal-in-the-digital-era.pdf --> Copyright ©2017 PERICLES, All rights reserved.
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Ensuring long-term sustainability of PERICLES results
As the PERICLES project approaches its conclusion, we are focusing on communicating the finalised results and preparing for the long-term sustainability of research outputs.
Throughout the life of the project our team has been exploring various routes and came up with what we refer as our 'Technology Transfer Plan'.
We liked that term because it captured our focus on finding ways to “transfer the relay”. Many research results are not tangible products to be exploited by business, and those results that are tangible often lack the level of maturity and market-readiness to allow for identifying market-driven opportunities. We were looking for a promising strategy to encourage the transfer of knowledge acquired and assembled for further research by other parties and the software results for completion and adaptation by IT developers. Our investigations resulted in the creation of an information hub for professionals fostering knowledge transfer and sharing digital preservation IT solutions: from open source to proprietary products, from research approaches to implemented and tested practices.
This resource hub is called PRESERVEWARE and is free for anyone to explore and contribute content that they feel is worth sharing with the preservation community.
It is an open platform for all IT solutions and relevant research dedicated to managing and preserving digital assets over time, not only PERICLES results. To keep the hub itself sustainable, we propose a community-led policy and provide the necessary back and front end for editing and monitoring.
As we promote the site we would like to extend our invitation for contributions to our sustainability plan. PRESERVEWARE can host the following type of content:
- Tools and documentation
- Research papers and domain publications
- Training and course material
Find our more about how to contribute here and feel free to send us your feedback (email: info@pericles-project.eu).
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Legacy from 'Eye of the Storm: Preserving Digital Content in an Ever-Changing World'
On 2 December 2016 PERICLES partners engaged directly with technical experts from the preservation domain to share and exchange technical knowledge on how the PERICLES approach could be beneficial in real-life conditions of future preservation practice. This Technology Transfer workshop took place at the Wellcome Collection Conference Centre as part of the PERICLES final project conference 'Acting on Change: New Approaches and Future practices in LTDP' (London, 30 Nov - 1 Dec 2016).
This full-day workshop offered a closer look at how the PERICLES developers propose to use and implement models into existing preservation workflows. The format of the workshop was based around the concept of “software-carpentry” supported through short tutorials with practical examples, which allowed participants to experiment with PERICLES tools with guidance from the presenters, ensuring a first-hand familiarisation with the implications of a model-driven approach. The presentations from each sessions are now available on Slideshare:
- Building Digital Ecosystem Models
- Domain Specific Modelling
- Process Modelling: An Introduction to Aggregated Processes and the PERICLES Compiler
- Technical Appraisal Tool
Latest deliverables
D6.6 Final version of Test Bed ImplementationIn this deliverable we describe the final version of the PERICLES experimental Testbed for model-driven preservation. This is a virtualised computing environment for experimentation with and testing of a variety of tools and technologies developed by the PERICLES project for digital preservation.
D5.3 Complete tool suite for Ecosystem Management and Appraisal Processes
This document provides primarily a summary of the tools and approaches developed in support of digital ecosystem management (WP5), as well as reference to tools, models and approaches developed elsewhere in the project, including the project’s functional architecture described in the deliverable D3.5 Full Report on Digital Ecosystem Management.
Training activities
The PhD course "Dynamics of Knowledge Organization" is fully underway and involving 8 students from around Europe in a series of intensive lectures, seminars and labs, where they will also have the opportunity to play around with PERICLES software tools.
Organised in collaboration with the PERICLES FP7 project, this two-month course is run by the School of Library and Information Science, University of Borås and focuses on the nature and role of knowledge organization in a rapidly changing digital world. Tutors include Prof. Sándor Darányi (University of Borås) and Efstratios Kontopoulos, Semantic Web Researcher at CERTH/ITI.
The doctoral course stresses that time series of content, prominently semantic content, have become the subject of intensive interest over the past two decades for as diverse subject areas as digital preservation, knowledge engineering, data science, natural language processing, or document engineering, to name but a few. A fundamental understanding of the dynamics of knowledge also benefits the Library and Information Science as managing and ensuring the availability of knowledge is one of their core remits.
University of Borås and other PERICLES partners are also currently involved in the production of a MOOC with the same topic intended to become available on the FutureLearn platform. The experiences made during the course will inform and enrich the design of the mentioned MOOC.
Paper highlight
In the last newsletter we announced the release of the SemaDrift framework of tools and methods for measuring semantic drift across ontologies versions. This is the result of the research work carried out by PERICLES CERTH to support detection of change in the meaning of concepts within knowledge representation models, which play a central role in the management and long-term access and reuse of digital collections. In the paper entitled 'SemaDrift: A Protégé Plugin for Measuring Semantic Drift in Ontologies' we provide further information on the proposed framework and proof-of-concept applications.
SemaDrift has been developed under Apache V2 License and is available for download from http://mklab.iti.gr/project/semadrift-measure-semantic-drift-ontologies. -->
Blog highlight
In this month's blog post we present a practical example of how the PERICLES model-driven approach can help to implement, automate and manage change in a policy. 'Automatic policy application and change management' was also the focus of one of the 'PERICLES in Practice' sessions at the final project conference 'Acting on Change: new Approaches and Future Practices in LTDP'.
Click here to find out how the EUMESAT data policy example was used to demonstrate the change of policy in a real life scenario using PERICLES tools and methodology. Technology Watch
The PERICLES project announces the release of the Entity Registry and Model Repository (ERMR), a middleware component in support of long-term management of data collections and repositories. The ERMR comprises a state-of-the-art infrastructure that is standards-based and its capabilities as a reliable distributed data and semantic (metadata) repository are used to sustain all stages of the data life cycle, including workflow systems, digital libraries, preservation environments, and provenance research. In connection with the PERICLES ecosystem model, the ERMR contributes to the change management approach. As a central building block in the architectural PERICLES framework, it also supports reproducibility of an analysis, simulation, or implementation of change. The ERMR is available on: https://github.com/pericles-project/ERMR
Upcoming Events
This section presents events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
IDCC17, Edinburgh, 20-23 February 2017
The 12th International Digital Curation Conference (IDCC17) brings together digital curation professionals and educators with data producers and consumers to consider digital curation in a multi-disciplinary context.The programme of workshops will include a free half-day workshop offered by PERICLES to introduce the technical appraisal tool and demonstrate how automated support for appraisal could enhance and complement the human decision-making process and contribute to long-term preservation, dealing with the challenge of continuous change. Register here.
RLUK 2017, London, 8-10 March 2017
Research Libraries UK invites all in the library and research communities, in the UK, Ireland and beyond to join in a discussion about the Future of Research. The national and international environment for higher education is changing more rapidly than ever; the 2017 conference will explore what the challenges will be for research libraries, and their role in the future of the research ecosystem. Read more
-->
WebinarArkivum, the UK-based provider of data safeguarding and long-term data lifecycle management solutions, is starting an insightful new series of free webinars on the topic of digital preservation (DP). The online sessions will cover key questions of interest to the DP community as well as some real-life examples of record offices who are succeeding in navigating the challenges of digital preservation.
Register here to reserve your place. If you can't attend the webinar on the day, you can still register and you will be sent a recording after it has taken place. -->
Call for papers
Appraisal in the digital era
eabh in co-operation with BNP Paribas and Banque Lombard Odier
22 June 2017, Paris, France
This one-day workshop is designed for archivists, records managers and information professionals of financial and public institutions, as well as researchers and users of digital archival material.
You can find the Call for Papers at http://bankinghistory.org/wp-content/uploads/Call-for-Papers_Appraisal-in-the-digital-era.pdf --> Copyright ©2017 PERICLES, All rights reserved.
Categorieën: Informatievoorziening, Voortbestaan
PERICLES Newsletter - December 2016
PERICLES Newsletter - December 2016
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Time to celebrate another year together and share more results from our enthusiastic PERICLES research team. In this festive edition we want to thank all our contributors, our supporters (including the EU Commission and DPC) and the digital preservation community for their interest and active engagement this year.
We are delighted to present a 'Storified' version of the final project conference 'Acting on Change: New Approaches and Future Practices in LTDP', which took place at the Wellcome Collection Conference Centre on 30 Nov - 1 Dec 2016. The Storify piece includes presentations from the different sessions and the video recordings of the keynote, panel discussions and plenaries.
Organised in collaboration with the prestigious Digital Preservation Awards, the conference featured an international group of inspirational keynote speakers and panellists and was joined by over 150 attendees from as far as Canada, US and Australia. Participants engaged in conversations on Twitter using the conference hashtag #PERIconf2016 which gathered almost one thousand tweets.
During the conference we announced the future launch of Preserveware, an online resource hub aimed at fostering knowledge transfer and exchange on IT solutions and research approaches for digital preservation.
The conference was followed by a full-day technology transfer workshop entitled 'Eye of the Storm: Preserving Digital Content in an Ever-Changing World'. Based around the concept of 'software carpentry', this interactive workshop introduced and experimented with the PERICLES model-driven approach demonstrating its usefulness for managing change in evolving digital ecosystems.
Read on to find all the links and more information on the latest project results.
As this is the last newsletter for 2016 we take the opportunity to wish you all a very happy Christmas holiday and all the best for the New Year! Acting on Change 2016 - Video highlights
If you have missed the PERICLES final project conference organised in collaboration with the Digital Preservation Awards, you can find the highlights in this series of videos recorded in the Auditorium of the Wellcome Collection Conference Centre (London, 30 Nov - 1 Dec 2016).
The recordings include the fascinating keynotes from Kara Van Malssen (AV Preserve) and Matthew Addis (Arkivum) and two panel sessions ('Beyond OAIS?' and 'Preparing for Change').
Blog highlight
A series of blogs have been written by the attendees of 'Acting on Change'.
We have selected some here below to offer readers a wider overview on the conference's main themes.
Paper highlight
An ontology supporting planning, analysis, and simulation of evolving Digital Ecosystems
Special report on emulation of software-based artworks
PERICLES partners Tate have commissioned a report on how emulation and virtualization can offer a potential preservation strategy for software-based artworks by removing the artwork’s dependencies on ephemeral physical computer hardware, which is prone to a short digital life-cycle.
The implementation of an emulation strategy requires the introduction of new workflows, tools and novel risk-monitoring processes. 'Introduction to an emulation-based preservation strategy for software-based artworks' has been written by Klaus Rechert (University of Freiburg), Patricia Falcao (Tate) and Tom Ensom (King's College London). Read the full report here. Technology Watch
We are proud to announce the release of the SemaDrift framework of tools and methods for measuring semantic drift across ontologies versions.
Semantic drift (also often referred to as “semantic change” or “evolving semantics”) is an active and growing area of research that observes and measures the phenomenon of changes in the meaning of concepts within knowledge representation models, along with their potential replacement by other meanings over time. Understanding this phenomenon and being able to anticipate trends play a central role in the management and long-term access and reuse of digital collections.
SemaDrift has been developed by CERTH/ITI within the PERICLES project and consists of the core library API, a Protégé plugin and a standalone desktop application. The framework has been released under Apache V2 License and is available for download from http://mklab.iti.gr/project/semadrift-measure-semantic-drift-ontologies.
The SemaDrift tools will be tested for the first time in "real-life" scenarios during the PERICLES-funded PhD course on the "Dynamics of Knowledge Organization", which is organized by PERICLES partner University of Borås. The two-month course started on 6 Dec 2016 and involves 8 students from around Europe, who will undergo intensive lectures, seminars and labs, where they will also have the opportunity to play around with SemaDrift and a few other PERICLES software tools.
Training material
Work on the PERICLES Modular Training Package (PMTP) is almost complete. This online, open access, content rich training material collection is intended to enable a broad range of users to independently learn about the topic areas and research results of PERICLES and encourage the use of the methods and tools developed by the project. It can also be used as a complementary resource for educators and different educational programmes in which subject areas of PERICLES are of relevance. The PMTP has been developed by the University of Borås in collaboration with other project partners and is aimed at students, researchers, instructors, digital content producers, and other professionals. The modules can be studied individually or together with other modules in the package. Clear introductory texts to each of the levels (module, part, element) guide the audience as to the prerequisite knowledge required to fully engage with that particular subsection. Some of the topics covered include the application of semantics in digital preservation, sheer curation, appraisal processes, policies management and digital ecosystem modelling among others. Please note some of the modules are works in progress and due to be completed in early 2017. Explore the PMTP at http://pericles-project.eu/training-module/.
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Upcoming Events
In this section are events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
IDCC 2017, Edinburgh 20-23 February 2017
The 12th International Digital Curation Conference (IDCC17) brings together digital curation professionals and educators with data producers and consumers to consider digital curation in a multi-disciplinary context.
There will be a programme of workshops on Monday 20 February and Thursday 23 February and the main conference will run from Tuesday 21 to Wednesday 22 February 2017.
During IDCC17 PERICLES will offer a free half-day workshop aiming at introducing the technical appraisal tool developed by project partner King's College London in support of managing change and related risks (WP5 Tools for the preservation management of ecosystems and processes). This workshop will demonstrate how automated support for appraisal could enhance and complement the human decision-making process and contribute to long-term preservation, dealing with the challenge of continuous change. Registration is now open. Read more
DPASSH 2017, Brighton 14-15 June 2017
Organised by the Sussex Humanities Lab (SHL) and the Digital Repository of Ireland (DRI), the second ‘Digital Preservation for Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities’ (DPASSH 2017) will be held at the University of Sussex, Brighton (UK) on 14-15 June 2017.
DPASSH is a response to the problem of digital preservation within the arts and social sciences domains. It seeks to address the complexities of long-term digital preservation of the full variety of research materials; and to encourage a long term dialogue around the issues created by such preservation. A call for submission for short papers and expert panels is now open (deadline 15 January 2017). Find out more.
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Time to celebrate another year together and share more results from our enthusiastic PERICLES research team. In this festive edition we want to thank all our contributors, our supporters (including the EU Commission and DPC) and the digital preservation community for their interest and active engagement this year.We are delighted to present a 'Storified' version of the final project conference 'Acting on Change: New Approaches and Future Practices in LTDP', which took place at the Wellcome Collection Conference Centre on 30 Nov - 1 Dec 2016. The Storify piece includes presentations from the different sessions and the video recordings of the keynote, panel discussions and plenaries.
Organised in collaboration with the prestigious Digital Preservation Awards, the conference featured an international group of inspirational keynote speakers and panellists and was joined by over 150 attendees from as far as Canada, US and Australia. Participants engaged in conversations on Twitter using the conference hashtag #PERIconf2016 which gathered almost one thousand tweets.
During the conference we announced the future launch of Preserveware, an online resource hub aimed at fostering knowledge transfer and exchange on IT solutions and research approaches for digital preservation.
The conference was followed by a full-day technology transfer workshop entitled 'Eye of the Storm: Preserving Digital Content in an Ever-Changing World'. Based around the concept of 'software carpentry', this interactive workshop introduced and experimented with the PERICLES model-driven approach demonstrating its usefulness for managing change in evolving digital ecosystems.
Read on to find all the links and more information on the latest project results.
As this is the last newsletter for 2016 we take the opportunity to wish you all a very happy Christmas holiday and all the best for the New Year! Acting on Change 2016 - Video highlights
If you have missed the PERICLES final project conference organised in collaboration with the Digital Preservation Awards, you can find the highlights in this series of videos recorded in the Auditorium of the Wellcome Collection Conference Centre (London, 30 Nov - 1 Dec 2016).
The recordings include the fascinating keynotes from Kara Van Malssen (AV Preserve) and Matthew Addis (Arkivum) and two panel sessions ('Beyond OAIS?' and 'Preparing for Change').
Blog highlight
A series of blogs have been written by the attendees of 'Acting on Change'.
We have selected some here below to offer readers a wider overview on the conference's main themes.
- 'Digital Preservation PERICLES Acting on Change - OAIS' by Barbara Reed (Recordkeeping Innovation).
- 'Acting On Change: Pericles/DPC Conference and DPA Awards London 2016' by Rachel MacGregor, Digital Archivist.
- 'Acting on Change: impressions of a recent digital preservation conference' by the Parliamentary Archives Digital Preservation Trainee, Grace Bell.
- 'PERICLES Acting on Change - Risk assessment of complex digital objects' by Barbara Reed (Recordkeeping Innovation).
- 'Digital preservation is a mature concept, but we need to pitch it better' by Dave Gerrard, Technical Fellow at Cambridge University Library.
Paper highlight
An ontology supporting planning, analysis, and simulation of evolving Digital Ecosystems
This paper introduces the PERICLES model-driven approach for the long-term preservation of digital objects in evolving ecosystems. It describes the Digital Ecosystem Model (DEM), an ontology to model complex digital entities (DEs) and the EcoBuilder tool to support scenario experts in modelling aspects of interests of their DEs with the DEM for further investigation and maintenance. This paper was presented by Johannes Biermann and Anna Eggers from PERICLES project partner University of Goettingen at the 8th International ACM Conference on Management for Digital EcoSystems (MEDES'16), which took place in Hendaye, France on 2-4 November 2016. This publication is also available from the ACM Digital Library.
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Special report on emulation of software-based artworksPERICLES partners Tate have commissioned a report on how emulation and virtualization can offer a potential preservation strategy for software-based artworks by removing the artwork’s dependencies on ephemeral physical computer hardware, which is prone to a short digital life-cycle.
The implementation of an emulation strategy requires the introduction of new workflows, tools and novel risk-monitoring processes. 'Introduction to an emulation-based preservation strategy for software-based artworks' has been written by Klaus Rechert (University of Freiburg), Patricia Falcao (Tate) and Tom Ensom (King's College London). Read the full report here. Technology Watch
We are proud to announce the release of the SemaDrift framework of tools and methods for measuring semantic drift across ontologies versions.
Semantic drift (also often referred to as “semantic change” or “evolving semantics”) is an active and growing area of research that observes and measures the phenomenon of changes in the meaning of concepts within knowledge representation models, along with their potential replacement by other meanings over time. Understanding this phenomenon and being able to anticipate trends play a central role in the management and long-term access and reuse of digital collections.
SemaDrift has been developed by CERTH/ITI within the PERICLES project and consists of the core library API, a Protégé plugin and a standalone desktop application. The framework has been released under Apache V2 License and is available for download from http://mklab.iti.gr/project/semadrift-measure-semantic-drift-ontologies.
The SemaDrift tools will be tested for the first time in "real-life" scenarios during the PERICLES-funded PhD course on the "Dynamics of Knowledge Organization", which is organized by PERICLES partner University of Borås. The two-month course started on 6 Dec 2016 and involves 8 students from around Europe, who will undergo intensive lectures, seminars and labs, where they will also have the opportunity to play around with SemaDrift and a few other PERICLES software tools.
Training material
Work on the PERICLES Modular Training Package (PMTP) is almost complete. This online, open access, content rich training material collection is intended to enable a broad range of users to independently learn about the topic areas and research results of PERICLES and encourage the use of the methods and tools developed by the project. It can also be used as a complementary resource for educators and different educational programmes in which subject areas of PERICLES are of relevance. The PMTP has been developed by the University of Borås in collaboration with other project partners and is aimed at students, researchers, instructors, digital content producers, and other professionals. The modules can be studied individually or together with other modules in the package. Clear introductory texts to each of the levels (module, part, element) guide the audience as to the prerequisite knowledge required to fully engage with that particular subsection. Some of the topics covered include the application of semantics in digital preservation, sheer curation, appraisal processes, policies management and digital ecosystem modelling among others. Please note some of the modules are works in progress and due to be completed in early 2017. Explore the PMTP at http://pericles-project.eu/training-module/.
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Upcoming Events
In this section are events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
IDCC 2017, Edinburgh 20-23 February 2017
The 12th International Digital Curation Conference (IDCC17) brings together digital curation professionals and educators with data producers and consumers to consider digital curation in a multi-disciplinary context.There will be a programme of workshops on Monday 20 February and Thursday 23 February and the main conference will run from Tuesday 21 to Wednesday 22 February 2017.
During IDCC17 PERICLES will offer a free half-day workshop aiming at introducing the technical appraisal tool developed by project partner King's College London in support of managing change and related risks (WP5 Tools for the preservation management of ecosystems and processes). This workshop will demonstrate how automated support for appraisal could enhance and complement the human decision-making process and contribute to long-term preservation, dealing with the challenge of continuous change. Registration is now open. Read more
DPASSH 2017, Brighton 14-15 June 2017
Organised by the Sussex Humanities Lab (SHL) and the Digital Repository of Ireland (DRI), the second ‘Digital Preservation for Arts, Social Sciences and Humanities’ (DPASSH 2017) will be held at the University of Sussex, Brighton (UK) on 14-15 June 2017.DPASSH is a response to the problem of digital preservation within the arts and social sciences domains. It seeks to address the complexities of long-term digital preservation of the full variety of research materials; and to encourage a long term dialogue around the issues created by such preservation. A call for submission for short papers and expert panels is now open (deadline 15 January 2017). Find out more.
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Categorieën: Informatievoorziening, Voortbestaan
PERICLES Newsletter - November 2016
PERICLES Newsletter - November 2016
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Project update
The count down has started to our final project conference, which brings together the PERICLES partners with a range of practitioners, researchers and solution providers, who are at the forefront of responding to the challenges of preserving and curating digital information and assets.
'Acting on Change: New Approaches and Future Practices in LTDP' is a two-day international meeting and conference (London, 30 Nov - 1 Dec 2016) organised in collaboration with the prestigious Digital Preservation Awards 2016.
This event will, through a combination of keynote papers, panel discussions, thematic workshops, and practical demonstrations, explore key challenges in digital preservation and examine how we might respond to them.
On the evening of 29 November the Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC) will celebrate those people and organisations who have made significant and innovative contributions to maintaining a digital legacy.
The conference will be followed by a technical workshop (2 December) entitled 'Eye of the Storm: Preserving Digital Content in an Ever-Changing World'. This full-day event will introduce and experiment with the PERICLES model-driven approach demonstrating its usefulness for managing change in evolving digital ecosystems. The format of the workshop will be based around the concept of “software-carpentry” supported through short tutorials with practical examples, which will allow participants to build their own models with guidance from the presenters, ensuring a first-hand familiarisation with the implications of a model-driven approach.
Although both events are completely sold-out, we would like to invite you all to follow us on Twitter (@PericlesFP7) during the three days.
Join in the conversation with the hashtag #PERIconf2016
We will also record the morning sessions and the videos will be made available on our YouTube channel and project website together with other legacy material.
-->
PERICLES workshop at IDCC 2017
For the third consecutive year PERICLES joins the International Digital Curation Conference (IDCC) to meet up with digital preservation professionals and discuss key issues related to the long-term access of digital data in evolving ecosystem.
During IDCC17 (20-23 February Edinburgh, UK), PERICLES will offer a free half-day workshop aiming at introducing the appraisal tool developed by project partner King's College London in support of managing change and related risks (WP5 Tools for the preservation management of ecosystems and processes).
While traditionally, appraisal is understood as being the process carried out before ingest and leading to the decision of keeping or deleting a digital object, the increasing evolution of technological environments requires for a shift in notion of appraisal. Appraisal is an integral part of an on-going risk assessment workflow in support of long-term preservation of data management. The impact that change can have in the increasingly complex ecosystems in which the digital object is embedded is not restricted to technological dependencies, but includes also legal, social, semantic, and organisational changes.
This workshop will demonstrate how automated support for appraisal could enhance and complement the human decision-making process and contribute to long-term preservation, dealing with the challenge of continuous change.
The date of this workshop is still to be confirmed. Please check the main conference website for further updates: http://www.dcc.ac.uk/events/idcc17
Paper highlight
"Studying the Cohesion Evolution of Genes Related to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Using Semantic Similarity in Gene Ontology and Self-Organizing Maps"
This paper offers an interesting overview on the application of some of PERICLES results in the biomedicine domain. In particular this publication deploys an ontology-based semantic similarity combined with self-organizing maps for studying the temporal evolution of co-hesion among Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) -related genes and the extracted information. More information on the open-source tool Somoclu, which has supported this research is available at this link: http://pericles-project.eu/blog/post/Somoclu
This paper will be presented by Maria Tsagiopoulou from PERICLES project partner CERTH/ITI at SWAT4LS 2016, the 9th International conference on Semantic Web Applications and Tools for Life Sciences (Amsterdam, 5-8 December 2016). See 'Upcoming Events' section below for further details. -->
Hot topics
The evolution and change of semantics is central to the objectives of the PERICLES project: semantics relates to our shared understanding of the world around us, and in cases where there is a mismatch, then this can lead to a breakdown in our shared understanding and an inability to communicate and exchange information effectively.
In the context of long-term digital preservation and change management, evolving semantics can represent a challenge for the retrieval and interpretation of information and digital objects.
In a recent workshop, PERICLES partners and members of the Community of Practice (CoP) in Evolving Semantics joined in a full-day workshop covering concept drift in and for Linked Open Data (LOD). The goal of the Drift-a-LOD workshop (20 November 2016, Bologna - IT) was to bring together different communities that define, identify and manage the dynamics of concepts in their knowledge bases using various domain-specific methods (statistical inference, symbolic reasoning, natural language processing, etc.) leveraging Linked Data as a data source or as a result publishing platforms. It was reassuring to see that this is a shared research problem in as diverse disciplines as Knowledge Engineering and Management, Digital Humanities or Document Engineering.
Taking a long-term perspective - Maintaining digital assets by managing their evolving digital ecosystems
The PERICLES technical appraisal tool has been undergoing some final integration and testing prior to release in the early part of 2017. The tool is a web-based application, which provides automated decision support for managing external risks to complex digital objects. The tool uses a data-driven approach to determine and model trends in the external environment. This analysis is combined with ontological models that describe the dependencies between the components of the object itself. For example, the tool can be employed to analyse risks to digital video artworks, and recommend potential recovery actions. The approach itself is generic and can equally well be applied to analysis of digital objects generated by space science experiments. The tool uses a web service framework based on Apache Tomcat server, with analysis modules in Python and R. You can find some background information on the tool's development in this deliverable D5.2 (chapter 6). Watch this space for future updates.
Upcoming Events
In this section are events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
SWAT4LS, Amsterdam, 5-8 December 2016 The 9th International conference on Semantic Web Applications and Tools for Life Sciences brings together researchers, developers, and users, from many fields to discuss goals, current limits and real experiences in the use of Semantic Web technologies in health care and the life sciences.
The four-day event will comprise a tutorials day (5th), main conference (6th and 7th), and a Hackathon day (8th). Read more A PERICLES paper covering the use of the machine learning tool Somoclu in the medical domain has been accepted and will be presented by Maria Tsagiopoulou. The paper entitled "Studying the Cohesion Evolution of Genes Related to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Using Semantic Similarity in Gene Ontology and Self-Organizing Maps" is available on the PERICLES website: http://pericles-project.eu/publications/100
IDCC 2017, Edinburgh 20-23 February 2017
The 12th International Digital Curation Conference brings together digital curation professionals and educators with data producers and consumers to consider digital curation in a multi-disciplinary context.
There will be a programme of workshops on Monday 20 February and Thursday 23 February and the main conference will run from Tuesday 21 to Wednesday 22 February 2017.
The papers submitted to the event will cover the following subjects:
Our mailing address is:
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Project updateThe count down has started to our final project conference, which brings together the PERICLES partners with a range of practitioners, researchers and solution providers, who are at the forefront of responding to the challenges of preserving and curating digital information and assets.
'Acting on Change: New Approaches and Future Practices in LTDP' is a two-day international meeting and conference (London, 30 Nov - 1 Dec 2016) organised in collaboration with the prestigious Digital Preservation Awards 2016.
This event will, through a combination of keynote papers, panel discussions, thematic workshops, and practical demonstrations, explore key challenges in digital preservation and examine how we might respond to them.
On the evening of 29 November the Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC) will celebrate those people and organisations who have made significant and innovative contributions to maintaining a digital legacy.
The conference will be followed by a technical workshop (2 December) entitled 'Eye of the Storm: Preserving Digital Content in an Ever-Changing World'. This full-day event will introduce and experiment with the PERICLES model-driven approach demonstrating its usefulness for managing change in evolving digital ecosystems. The format of the workshop will be based around the concept of “software-carpentry” supported through short tutorials with practical examples, which will allow participants to build their own models with guidance from the presenters, ensuring a first-hand familiarisation with the implications of a model-driven approach.
Although both events are completely sold-out, we would like to invite you all to follow us on Twitter (@PericlesFP7) during the three days.
Join in the conversation with the hashtag #PERIconf2016
We will also record the morning sessions and the videos will be made available on our YouTube channel and project website together with other legacy material.
-->
PERICLES workshop at IDCC 2017
For the third consecutive year PERICLES joins the International Digital Curation Conference (IDCC) to meet up with digital preservation professionals and discuss key issues related to the long-term access of digital data in evolving ecosystem.
During IDCC17 (20-23 February Edinburgh, UK), PERICLES will offer a free half-day workshop aiming at introducing the appraisal tool developed by project partner King's College London in support of managing change and related risks (WP5 Tools for the preservation management of ecosystems and processes).
While traditionally, appraisal is understood as being the process carried out before ingest and leading to the decision of keeping or deleting a digital object, the increasing evolution of technological environments requires for a shift in notion of appraisal. Appraisal is an integral part of an on-going risk assessment workflow in support of long-term preservation of data management. The impact that change can have in the increasingly complex ecosystems in which the digital object is embedded is not restricted to technological dependencies, but includes also legal, social, semantic, and organisational changes.
This workshop will demonstrate how automated support for appraisal could enhance and complement the human decision-making process and contribute to long-term preservation, dealing with the challenge of continuous change.
The date of this workshop is still to be confirmed. Please check the main conference website for further updates: http://www.dcc.ac.uk/events/idcc17
Paper highlight
"Studying the Cohesion Evolution of Genes Related to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Using Semantic Similarity in Gene Ontology and Self-Organizing Maps"
This paper offers an interesting overview on the application of some of PERICLES results in the biomedicine domain. In particular this publication deploys an ontology-based semantic similarity combined with self-organizing maps for studying the temporal evolution of co-hesion among Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) -related genes and the extracted information. More information on the open-source tool Somoclu, which has supported this research is available at this link: http://pericles-project.eu/blog/post/Somoclu
This paper will be presented by Maria Tsagiopoulou from PERICLES project partner CERTH/ITI at SWAT4LS 2016, the 9th International conference on Semantic Web Applications and Tools for Life Sciences (Amsterdam, 5-8 December 2016). See 'Upcoming Events' section below for further details. -->
Hot topics
The evolution and change of semantics is central to the objectives of the PERICLES project: semantics relates to our shared understanding of the world around us, and in cases where there is a mismatch, then this can lead to a breakdown in our shared understanding and an inability to communicate and exchange information effectively.In the context of long-term digital preservation and change management, evolving semantics can represent a challenge for the retrieval and interpretation of information and digital objects.
In a recent workshop, PERICLES partners and members of the Community of Practice (CoP) in Evolving Semantics joined in a full-day workshop covering concept drift in and for Linked Open Data (LOD). The goal of the Drift-a-LOD workshop (20 November 2016, Bologna - IT) was to bring together different communities that define, identify and manage the dynamics of concepts in their knowledge bases using various domain-specific methods (statistical inference, symbolic reasoning, natural language processing, etc.) leveraging Linked Data as a data source or as a result publishing platforms. It was reassuring to see that this is a shared research problem in as diverse disciplines as Knowledge Engineering and Management, Digital Humanities or Document Engineering.
Taking a long-term perspective - Maintaining digital assets by managing their evolving digital ecosystems
As digital content and its related metadata are generated and used across different phases of the information lifecycle, and in a continually evolving digital environment, the concept of a fixed and stable ‘final’ version that needs to be preserved becomes less appropriate. As well as dealing with technological change and obsolescence, long-term sustainability requires us to address changes in context. Such a changing environment necessitates a corresponding evolution of the strategies and approaches for preservation if stakeholder communities are to be able to continue to use and interpret content appropriately in the long-term.
As change is an inevitable challenge in long-term digital preservation (LTDP), the question is how do we deal with it? In this article written for PrestoCentre, PERICLES presents its compelling approach to the communities engaged in managing and preserving their digital asset covering the following subjects:
• The Challenge of Change
• Digital Data and their Ecosystems
• Model-driven Solution
• Integration Framework and Testbeds
• From Testbed to Reality
Download the article here. Note: this digital publication is interactive and best viewed in Adobe Reader. If you do not have Adobe Acrobat, follow this link to download Adobe’s free Acrobat Reader software.
Technology WatchThe PERICLES technical appraisal tool has been undergoing some final integration and testing prior to release in the early part of 2017. The tool is a web-based application, which provides automated decision support for managing external risks to complex digital objects. The tool uses a data-driven approach to determine and model trends in the external environment. This analysis is combined with ontological models that describe the dependencies between the components of the object itself. For example, the tool can be employed to analyse risks to digital video artworks, and recommend potential recovery actions. The approach itself is generic and can equally well be applied to analysis of digital objects generated by space science experiments. The tool uses a web service framework based on Apache Tomcat server, with analysis modules in Python and R. You can find some background information on the tool's development in this deliverable D5.2 (chapter 6). Watch this space for future updates.
Upcoming Events
In this section are events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
SWAT4LS, Amsterdam, 5-8 December 2016 The 9th International conference on Semantic Web Applications and Tools for Life Sciences brings together researchers, developers, and users, from many fields to discuss goals, current limits and real experiences in the use of Semantic Web technologies in health care and the life sciences.
The four-day event will comprise a tutorials day (5th), main conference (6th and 7th), and a Hackathon day (8th). Read more A PERICLES paper covering the use of the machine learning tool Somoclu in the medical domain has been accepted and will be presented by Maria Tsagiopoulou. The paper entitled "Studying the Cohesion Evolution of Genes Related to Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Using Semantic Similarity in Gene Ontology and Self-Organizing Maps" is available on the PERICLES website: http://pericles-project.eu/publications/100
IDCC 2017, Edinburgh 20-23 February 2017
The 12th International Digital Curation Conference brings together digital curation professionals and educators with data producers and consumers to consider digital curation in a multi-disciplinary context.There will be a programme of workshops on Monday 20 February and Thursday 23 February and the main conference will run from Tuesday 21 to Wednesday 22 February 2017.
The papers submitted to the event will cover the following subjects:
- Policy harmonisation and monitoring for a joined-up data world
- Capacity development for open science skills and readiness
- Reproducibility and provenance across research workflows
- Sensitivity, ethical data management
- Reusability of digital collections
- Discoverability and data publishing
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Categorieën: Informatievoorziening, Voortbestaan
PERICLES Newsletter - October 2016
PERICLES Newsletter - October 2016
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Project update
This month the PERICLES Consortium met in Thessaloniki for a two day meeting (12-13 October) to work on the test-bed and workflow scenarios, and also to prepare for the final event, a conference and technical workshop taking place in London from 30 Nov to 2 Dec 2016. Hosted by project partner Dotsoft, the meeting was an important occasion to work hands-on and face-to-face on integrating the different PERICLES components and building the narratives that describe their interactions, with great benefits for the technical integration. The result will be showcased in the final event through a series of presentations and hands-on workshops. Find out more information about the PERICLES conference and the Technology Transfer workshop in the events section below. -->
Latest deliverables
PERICLES overall approach to change management is described in the latest deliverable D3.5 - Full Report on Digital Ecosystem Management. This document describes the results from task 3.5 on two main topics: the functional architecture and the Digital Ecosystem Model.
D.4.5 - Context-aware Content Interpretation summarises the work conducted within task T4.5 of WP4 and aims at gaining insightful contextualised views on content semantics. This is achieved through the adoption of appropriate context-aware semantic models developed within the project, and via enriching the semantic descriptions with background knowledge, deriving thus higher level contextualised content interpretations that are closer to human perception and appraisal needs.
-->
SuCCESS’16 - First International Workshop on Semantic Change & Evolving Semantics
The results of the workshop, which took place within SEMANTiCS 2016 on 12 September, have been summarised in a blog post written by Alastair Gill from PERICLES partner King's College London. Read more
The half-day workshop “Active Data Management Plans: Chances and Challenges” at iPRES 2016, was organised by Matthias Hemmje from FernUniversität Hagen, Jamie Shiers from CERN and Simon Waddington from King’s College London, representing the PERICLES project. The aim was to discuss opportunities for automation of data management planning. There were initial presentations on the application of project management methods for ADMP creation, automated data management planning based on the PERICLES tools, and a report on the outcomes of the ADMP workshop held at CERN in June 2016. In the following discussion, the workshop addressed open questions such as machine readable representations of ADMPS, links to the wider research information infrastructures and schemas, and dealing with differing and evolving stakeholder requirements. A report on the outcomes of the workshop will appear shortly on the PERICLES website. -->
Paper highlight
A recent PERICLES paper entitled "User-driven Ontology Population from Linked data Sources" was presented by Panagiotis Mitzias from PERICLES partner CERTH/ITI at the International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Semantic Web (KESW 2016). The paper introduces PROPheT (PeRicles Ontology Population Tool), a novel application that enables instance extraction and ontology population from Linked data, using a user-friendly interface (GUI). PROPhet has been released under Apache 2.0 licence and is available for download from GitHub: https://github.com/MKLab-ITI/prophet Technology Watch
The Digital Ecosystem Model (DEM) and the EcoBuilder are now available on GitHub. As two key outputs of PERICLES' Model-driven approach, the DEM and the EcoBuilder work together to facilitate the analysis of planned and unplanned changes that can occur in a "digital ecosystem", which consists of all the entities and relations influencing or necessary for maintaining the usefulness of digital objects.
An introduction to the EcoBuilder is offered in this blog written by software developer Anna Eggers from PERICLES project partner University of Göttingen.
https://github.com/pericles-project/DEM
https://github.com/pericles-project/EcoBuilder
Blog highlight
PERICLES case study partner Tate have been providing valuable input into the challenges institutions face when dealing with the management of evolving digital ecosystems. In a recent blog post Ana Ribeiro, Tate's Assistant Conservator in the Time-based Media Conservation team, presents her perspective on a workshop focussed on the preservation of digital video and software-based artworks. Touching upon issues such as consistent video playback, this interesting reading offers an overview on the use of open source tools Mediainfo, MediaConch and FFmpeg. Read more Software art and emulation
The challenge of preserving software-based artworks was one of the key topics covered by the iPRES2016 conference in Bern, Switzerland, earlier this month. Inspired by the conference discussions, David Rosenthal has written a blog post, which presents some of the work that Klaus Rechert has done with Tate Museum on emulation of software-based artwork using BWfLA. Find out more at this link. Upcoming Events In this section are events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
EKAW, Bologna, 19-23 November 2016
The 20th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management is concerned with the impact of time and space on the representation of knowledge. Knowledge engineering has mostly been about creating static, universal representations. Yet the world is rarely static: everything changes, including the models, and real world systems need to evolve along with the surrounding world. Read more
MEDES'16, Hendaye, France, 2-4 November 2016
The 8th International ACM Conference on Management fo Digital EcoSystems aims to develop and bring together a diverse community from academia, research laboratories and industry interested in exploring the manifold challenges and issues related to web technologies and resource management of Digital Ecosystems and how current approaches and technologies can be evolved and adapted to this end. Johannes Biermann and Anna Eggers from PERICLES project partner University of Göttingen will present the work done in the area of change management with a paper entitled "An ontology supporting planning, analysis, and simulation of evolving Digital Ecosystems". Read more
Acting on Change, London, 30 Nov - 1 Dec 2016
"Acting on Change: New Approaches and Future Practices in Long-term Digital Preservation" is an international meeting and conference organised by the PERICLES Consortium in association with the Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC).
The two-day conference will be held at the Wellcome Collection Conference Centre, London (UK) on 30 November - 1 December 2016 and will examine a range of innovative research approaches and visions for future practices in digital preservation through a series of panel discussions and workshops from PERICLES project members and invited speakers. On the evening of 30 November DPC will proudly host the gala ceremony for the prestigious Digital Preservation Awards 2016.
The conference will be followed by a third day (2 December) featuring a Technology Transfer workshop dedicated to IT solution providers and software developers.
The conference will feature an international group of inspirational keynote speakers and panellists - including Kara Van Malssen (AVPreserve, USA), Barbara Reed (Recordkeeping Innovation Pty Ltd, AUS), Matthew Addis (Arkivum, UK), Barbara Sierman (National Library, NL), and Pip Laurenson (Tate, UK) among others.
Please find out more about more our preliminary programme and registration details at: http://pericles-project.eu/page/PERICLESconference2016 -->
Proceedings from iPRES 2016
The 13th International Conference on Digital Preservation (iPRES2016) took place in Bern on 3-6 October 2016. The proceedings of the conference are now available here.
--> Copyright ©2016 PERICLES, All rights reserved.
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Project updateThis month the PERICLES Consortium met in Thessaloniki for a two day meeting (12-13 October) to work on the test-bed and workflow scenarios, and also to prepare for the final event, a conference and technical workshop taking place in London from 30 Nov to 2 Dec 2016. Hosted by project partner Dotsoft, the meeting was an important occasion to work hands-on and face-to-face on integrating the different PERICLES components and building the narratives that describe their interactions, with great benefits for the technical integration. The result will be showcased in the final event through a series of presentations and hands-on workshops. Find out more information about the PERICLES conference and the Technology Transfer workshop in the events section below. -->
Latest deliverables
PERICLES overall approach to change management is described in the latest deliverable D3.5 - Full Report on Digital Ecosystem Management. This document describes the results from task 3.5 on two main topics: the functional architecture and the Digital Ecosystem Model.
D.4.5 - Context-aware Content Interpretation summarises the work conducted within task T4.5 of WP4 and aims at gaining insightful contextualised views on content semantics. This is achieved through the adoption of appropriate context-aware semantic models developed within the project, and via enriching the semantic descriptions with background knowledge, deriving thus higher level contextualised content interpretations that are closer to human perception and appraisal needs.
-->
SuCCESS’16 - First International Workshop on Semantic Change & Evolving Semantics
The results of the workshop, which took place within SEMANTiCS 2016 on 12 September, have been summarised in a blog post written by Alastair Gill from PERICLES partner King's College London. Read more
The half-day workshop “Active Data Management Plans: Chances and Challenges” at iPRES 2016, was organised by Matthias Hemmje from FernUniversität Hagen, Jamie Shiers from CERN and Simon Waddington from King’s College London, representing the PERICLES project. The aim was to discuss opportunities for automation of data management planning. There were initial presentations on the application of project management methods for ADMP creation, automated data management planning based on the PERICLES tools, and a report on the outcomes of the ADMP workshop held at CERN in June 2016. In the following discussion, the workshop addressed open questions such as machine readable representations of ADMPS, links to the wider research information infrastructures and schemas, and dealing with differing and evolving stakeholder requirements. A report on the outcomes of the workshop will appear shortly on the PERICLES website. -->
Paper highlight
A recent PERICLES paper entitled "User-driven Ontology Population from Linked data Sources" was presented by Panagiotis Mitzias from PERICLES partner CERTH/ITI at the International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Semantic Web (KESW 2016). The paper introduces PROPheT (PeRicles Ontology Population Tool), a novel application that enables instance extraction and ontology population from Linked data, using a user-friendly interface (GUI). PROPhet has been released under Apache 2.0 licence and is available for download from GitHub: https://github.com/MKLab-ITI/prophet Technology Watch
The Digital Ecosystem Model (DEM) and the EcoBuilder are now available on GitHub. As two key outputs of PERICLES' Model-driven approach, the DEM and the EcoBuilder work together to facilitate the analysis of planned and unplanned changes that can occur in a "digital ecosystem", which consists of all the entities and relations influencing or necessary for maintaining the usefulness of digital objects.
An introduction to the EcoBuilder is offered in this blog written by software developer Anna Eggers from PERICLES project partner University of Göttingen.
https://github.com/pericles-project/DEMhttps://github.com/pericles-project/EcoBuilder
Blog highlight
PERICLES case study partner Tate have been providing valuable input into the challenges institutions face when dealing with the management of evolving digital ecosystems. In a recent blog post Ana Ribeiro, Tate's Assistant Conservator in the Time-based Media Conservation team, presents her perspective on a workshop focussed on the preservation of digital video and software-based artworks. Touching upon issues such as consistent video playback, this interesting reading offers an overview on the use of open source tools Mediainfo, MediaConch and FFmpeg. Read more Software art and emulation
The challenge of preserving software-based artworks was one of the key topics covered by the iPRES2016 conference in Bern, Switzerland, earlier this month. Inspired by the conference discussions, David Rosenthal has written a blog post, which presents some of the work that Klaus Rechert has done with Tate Museum on emulation of software-based artwork using BWfLA. Find out more at this link. Upcoming Events In this section are events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
EKAW, Bologna, 19-23 November 2016
The 20th International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management is concerned with the impact of time and space on the representation of knowledge. Knowledge engineering has mostly been about creating static, universal representations. Yet the world is rarely static: everything changes, including the models, and real world systems need to evolve along with the surrounding world. Read more
MEDES'16, Hendaye, France, 2-4 November 2016
The 8th International ACM Conference on Management fo Digital EcoSystems aims to develop and bring together a diverse community from academia, research laboratories and industry interested in exploring the manifold challenges and issues related to web technologies and resource management of Digital Ecosystems and how current approaches and technologies can be evolved and adapted to this end. Johannes Biermann and Anna Eggers from PERICLES project partner University of Göttingen will present the work done in the area of change management with a paper entitled "An ontology supporting planning, analysis, and simulation of evolving Digital Ecosystems". Read more
Acting on Change, London, 30 Nov - 1 Dec 2016
"Acting on Change: New Approaches and Future Practices in Long-term Digital Preservation" is an international meeting and conference organised by the PERICLES Consortium in association with the Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC).The two-day conference will be held at the Wellcome Collection Conference Centre, London (UK) on 30 November - 1 December 2016 and will examine a range of innovative research approaches and visions for future practices in digital preservation through a series of panel discussions and workshops from PERICLES project members and invited speakers. On the evening of 30 November DPC will proudly host the gala ceremony for the prestigious Digital Preservation Awards 2016.
The conference will be followed by a third day (2 December) featuring a Technology Transfer workshop dedicated to IT solution providers and software developers.
The conference will feature an international group of inspirational keynote speakers and panellists - including Kara Van Malssen (AVPreserve, USA), Barbara Reed (Recordkeeping Innovation Pty Ltd, AUS), Matthew Addis (Arkivum, UK), Barbara Sierman (National Library, NL), and Pip Laurenson (Tate, UK) among others.
Please find out more about more our preliminary programme and registration details at: http://pericles-project.eu/page/PERICLESconference2016 -->
Proceedings from iPRES 2016
The 13th International Conference on Digital Preservation (iPRES2016) took place in Bern on 3-6 October 2016. The proceedings of the conference are now available here.
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Categorieën: Informatievoorziening, Voortbestaan
PERICLES Newsletter - September 2016
PERICLES Newsletter - September 2016
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Project update
We are delighted to announce the preliminary programme for the upcoming international meeting and conference Acting on Change: New Approaches and Future Practices in LTDP, which will take place at the Wellcome Collection Centre on 30 Nov - 1 Dec 2016. The conference will feature an international group of inspirational keynote speakers and panellists - including Kara Van Malssen (AVPreserve, USA), Matthew Addis (Arkivum, UK), Barbara Reed (Recordkeeping Innovation Pty Ltd, AUS), Barbara Sierman (National Library, NL) and Pip Laurenson (Tate, UK) among others.
We have also finalised plans for two satellite events following the main conference on 2 December: one aimed at PhD students (see open call) and the other dedicated to technical experts from the digital preservation domain (see Technology Transfer workshop).
In the meantime work continues on the production of a testbed to include a variety of components (models, tools, ontologies) that would allow the introduction of a “change management” layer into existing repository systems. This month we are introducing the EcoBuilder, which provides a well-defined Java interface for the creation of scenario-based instantiations of the Digital Ecosystem Model (DEM) and its entities. As a formal model of a 'digital ecosystem', the DEM offers an abstract representation of an existing system or procedure with the relevant entities, relations and dependencies, and allows simulation of the consequences of changes of different entities, hence demonstrating the ability of an infrastructure to maintain the usefulness of digital objects (read more in the Technology Watch section).
More work has been done on the PERICLES Modular Training Package (PMTP), an online, open access, content rich training material collection for self-study and teaching. It is intended to enable a broad range of users to independently learn about the topic areas and research results of PERICLES and encourage the use of the methods and tools developed by the project. It can also be used as a complementary resource for educators and different educational programmes in which subject areas of PERICLES are of relevance.
Last month we also published a couple of blogs which you might find interesting, especially if you are involved in the conservation of software-based artwork, or keen to discover visualisation techniques for semantic change. -->
Latest deliverable
D.7.2 'Training material' summarises the work conducted within task T7.2 to develop and launch an online collection of training modules covering PERICLES research results and other topics areas of relevance.
PERICLES Modular Training package (PMTP)
The PMTP has been developed by project partner University of Borås in collaboration with other project partners to facilitate the learning and encourage the adoption of methods and tools developed within PERICLES. The target audiences for the various modules include students, researchers, instructors, digital content producers, and professionals. The modules can be studied individually or together with other modules in the package. Clear introductory texts to each of the levels (module, part, element) guide the audience as to the prerequisite knowledge required to fully engage with that particular subsection. Some of the topics covered include the application of semantics in Digital Preservation, sheer curation, appraisal processes, policies management and digital ecosystem modelling among others. Please note some of the modules are works in progress and due to be completed by the end of 2016. You can start exploring content at http://pericles-project.eu/training-module/.
Blog posts
'Toward the integration of emulation and virtualization strategies into the conservation of software-based art collections' was written by Tom Ensom who is a collaborative doctoral student based at King's College London and co-supervised by Tate. The blog post reports on workshop held at Tate as part of the PERICLES project, which brought together time-based media conservation, research and curatorial staff at Tate with the technical expertise of Klaus Rechert (Professor at University of Freiburg) and Dragan Espenschied (Digital Conservator at Rhizome).
'Visualizing data to detect semantic change' covers an interview with software developer and research fellow Peter Wittek from project partner University of Borås. This Q&A gives us more insight into the success of Somoclu, an open-source tool developed within PERICLES WP4 to enable the study of semantic drift on scalable data collections. The tool provides self-organising maps for visual analysis and has already encountered a vivid interest within the data scientist community and aggregated downloads over 20,000! On 12 September 2016 the "First International Workshop on Semantic Change & Evolving Semantics" (SuCCESS’16) brought together a range of researchers interested in the study of semantic change and the application of these techniques more generally. Co-located with the SEMANTiCS 2016 conference and organised by the PERICLES project, this half-day workshop featured seven thought-provoking talks and allowed plenty of time for discussion and reflection: one of the main aims of this event was to facilitate the exchange of ideas by researchers from a variety of backgrounds, but who nevertheless have a unifying interest in semantic change. Further details of the event and range of topics covered will be the subject of a future blog post. Technology Watch
PERICLES developed the EcoBuilder tool to provide a simple way for the creation of Digital Ecosystem Model (DEM) ontologies. It enables scenario experts, who are not necessarily familiar with ontologies, to create complex models of their use cases.
The EcoBuilder will be released at the end of September 2016 as Open Source tool under Apache v2 license on GitHub.
The tool provides two interfaces for modelling the DEM: a graphical user interface for use case experts, and a Java API for developers. They enable the use of well-defined entity and relation templates, implemented as Java abstraction layer on top of the DEM. This reduces the modelling complexity, which allows us to produce straightforward mature models. Developers can use the Java API to integrate scenario customised templates in scripts that support automatised modelling. Such mediator scripts can enrich DEM modelled entities with up to date extracted information from the underlying Digital Ecosystem, e.g. by utilising the API of the PERICLES Extraction Tool (PET), to keep the model constantly up to date. For instance a scenario customised Digital Object template can be used to automatically create Digital Object entities if the PET tool detects the creation of corresponding files in the underlying Digital Ecosystem. The entities are enriched automatically with up to date extracted information, and can be included into the overall model automatically to keep DEMs up to date.
The EcoBuilder outputs the scenario models as standardised Turtle or RDF/XML ontology formats, which can be sent to the PERICLES ERMR model store, where they can be use by the other PERICLES components, e.g. for the analysis of change impact. Find out more at https://github.com/pericles-project/EcoBuilder
-->
Papers
"A Model-driven Approach to Preservation of Complex Digital Objects in Space Science" is a PERICLES paper presented by Simon Waddington from project partner King's College London at the SciDataCon 2016 workshop entitled 'Curating all that Big Data: Modeling Challenges and New Implementation Innovations' (Denver, Colorado, US, 13 September 2016). The paper discussed PERICLES work on Space Science Data with respect to Big Data workflows, curation and modelling strategies. Dr. Waddington also attended the RDA Eight Plenary Meeting, which was co-located with SciDataCon and took place within the International Data Week (15-17 September 2016).
"Digital Preservation Based on Contextualised Dependencies" was presented by Nikolaos Lagos and Jean-Yves Vion-Dury from project partner Xerox at DocEng2016, the leading international ACM Symposium for researchers, practitioners, developers, and users to explore cutting-edge ideas and to exchange techniques, tools, and experiences in the domain of document engineering (Vienna, 13-16 September 2016). The paper discusses PERICLES work on modelling the context of preserved objects and presents change propagation algorithms that allow appropriate impact analysis to take place. The approach is exemplified via a case study in document preservation and management. --> Upcoming Events This section presents events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
PERICLES Seminar and Demonstration workshop - Gothenburg, 22 September 2016
The Swedish School of Library and Information Science (University of Borås) in collaboration with PERICLES, invites you to join two events co-located with the Gothenburg Book Fair. In the morning of 22 September speakers from project partners King's College London and CERTH will join Sanja Halling (Digisam, Swedish National Archives), Peter Voisey (Findwise), Bengt Neiss (National Library of Sweden) and Göran Kristiansson (Swedish National Archives, eARD Project manager) in a panel session called 'How can we ever access the digital objects created 20 years ago, 100 years from now?' .
The event will be followed by a workshop showcasing different tools related to metadata extraction, ontology population, ecosystem modelling, visualisation of evolving ecosystems and semantics, and their role in the overall model-driven preservation approach promoted by PERICLES. The half-day workshop will take place near Svenska Mässan, Gothenburg, Sweden. Specific location details will be sent to those registered. Find out more
iPRES 2016, Bern, 3-6 October 2016
iPRES is the longest standing digital preservation conference in the world and brings together key theorists, researchers and practitioners to explore the latest trends, innovations, policies and practices in digital preservation. The 13th International Conference on Digital Preservation (iPRES) will take place in Bern from October 3 - 6, 2016. The rich conference programme will include paper and poster sessions, panels, tutorials and workshops. Find out more
PREFORMA Experience Workshop, Berlin, 23 November 2016
Following the successful Open Source Workshop, organised in Stockholm in April this year, the PREFORMA project invites all the members of the digital preservation community to attend the Experience Workshop – Improving long-term digital preservation, which will be held in Berlin on November 23, 2016.
'Computational Archival Science' workshop, 8 December, Washington, D.C., USA
This event is co-located with 2016 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (IEEE Big Data 2016) and will explore the conjunction of emerging methods and technologies around big data with archival practice, and examine new forms of analysis and historical, social, scientific, and cultural research engagement with archives. Organised by project partner King's College London together with members from the Digital Curation Innovation Center (DCIC) among others, the workshop encourages paper submissions (deadline 3 October) on several topics including the application of analytics to archival material, big data technologies, digital curation and preservation. Find out more
Copyright ©2016 PERICLES, All rights reserved.
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Project update
We are delighted to announce the preliminary programme for the upcoming international meeting and conference Acting on Change: New Approaches and Future Practices in LTDP, which will take place at the Wellcome Collection Centre on 30 Nov - 1 Dec 2016. The conference will feature an international group of inspirational keynote speakers and panellists - including Kara Van Malssen (AVPreserve, USA), Matthew Addis (Arkivum, UK), Barbara Reed (Recordkeeping Innovation Pty Ltd, AUS), Barbara Sierman (National Library, NL) and Pip Laurenson (Tate, UK) among others.
We have also finalised plans for two satellite events following the main conference on 2 December: one aimed at PhD students (see open call) and the other dedicated to technical experts from the digital preservation domain (see Technology Transfer workshop).In the meantime work continues on the production of a testbed to include a variety of components (models, tools, ontologies) that would allow the introduction of a “change management” layer into existing repository systems. This month we are introducing the EcoBuilder, which provides a well-defined Java interface for the creation of scenario-based instantiations of the Digital Ecosystem Model (DEM) and its entities. As a formal model of a 'digital ecosystem', the DEM offers an abstract representation of an existing system or procedure with the relevant entities, relations and dependencies, and allows simulation of the consequences of changes of different entities, hence demonstrating the ability of an infrastructure to maintain the usefulness of digital objects (read more in the Technology Watch section).
More work has been done on the PERICLES Modular Training Package (PMTP), an online, open access, content rich training material collection for self-study and teaching. It is intended to enable a broad range of users to independently learn about the topic areas and research results of PERICLES and encourage the use of the methods and tools developed by the project. It can also be used as a complementary resource for educators and different educational programmes in which subject areas of PERICLES are of relevance.
Last month we also published a couple of blogs which you might find interesting, especially if you are involved in the conservation of software-based artwork, or keen to discover visualisation techniques for semantic change. -->
Latest deliverable
D.7.2 'Training material' summarises the work conducted within task T7.2 to develop and launch an online collection of training modules covering PERICLES research results and other topics areas of relevance.
PERICLES Modular Training package (PMTP)
The PMTP has been developed by project partner University of Borås in collaboration with other project partners to facilitate the learning and encourage the adoption of methods and tools developed within PERICLES. The target audiences for the various modules include students, researchers, instructors, digital content producers, and professionals. The modules can be studied individually or together with other modules in the package. Clear introductory texts to each of the levels (module, part, element) guide the audience as to the prerequisite knowledge required to fully engage with that particular subsection. Some of the topics covered include the application of semantics in Digital Preservation, sheer curation, appraisal processes, policies management and digital ecosystem modelling among others. Please note some of the modules are works in progress and due to be completed by the end of 2016. You can start exploring content at http://pericles-project.eu/training-module/.
Blog posts
'Toward the integration of emulation and virtualization strategies into the conservation of software-based art collections' was written by Tom Ensom who is a collaborative doctoral student based at King's College London and co-supervised by Tate. The blog post reports on workshop held at Tate as part of the PERICLES project, which brought together time-based media conservation, research and curatorial staff at Tate with the technical expertise of Klaus Rechert (Professor at University of Freiburg) and Dragan Espenschied (Digital Conservator at Rhizome).
'Visualizing data to detect semantic change' covers an interview with software developer and research fellow Peter Wittek from project partner University of Borås. This Q&A gives us more insight into the success of Somoclu, an open-source tool developed within PERICLES WP4 to enable the study of semantic drift on scalable data collections. The tool provides self-organising maps for visual analysis and has already encountered a vivid interest within the data scientist community and aggregated downloads over 20,000! On 12 September 2016 the "First International Workshop on Semantic Change & Evolving Semantics" (SuCCESS’16) brought together a range of researchers interested in the study of semantic change and the application of these techniques more generally. Co-located with the SEMANTiCS 2016 conference and organised by the PERICLES project, this half-day workshop featured seven thought-provoking talks and allowed plenty of time for discussion and reflection: one of the main aims of this event was to facilitate the exchange of ideas by researchers from a variety of backgrounds, but who nevertheless have a unifying interest in semantic change. Further details of the event and range of topics covered will be the subject of a future blog post. Technology Watch
PERICLES developed the EcoBuilder tool to provide a simple way for the creation of Digital Ecosystem Model (DEM) ontologies. It enables scenario experts, who are not necessarily familiar with ontologies, to create complex models of their use cases.
The EcoBuilder will be released at the end of September 2016 as Open Source tool under Apache v2 license on GitHub.
The tool provides two interfaces for modelling the DEM: a graphical user interface for use case experts, and a Java API for developers. They enable the use of well-defined entity and relation templates, implemented as Java abstraction layer on top of the DEM. This reduces the modelling complexity, which allows us to produce straightforward mature models. Developers can use the Java API to integrate scenario customised templates in scripts that support automatised modelling. Such mediator scripts can enrich DEM modelled entities with up to date extracted information from the underlying Digital Ecosystem, e.g. by utilising the API of the PERICLES Extraction Tool (PET), to keep the model constantly up to date. For instance a scenario customised Digital Object template can be used to automatically create Digital Object entities if the PET tool detects the creation of corresponding files in the underlying Digital Ecosystem. The entities are enriched automatically with up to date extracted information, and can be included into the overall model automatically to keep DEMs up to date.
The EcoBuilder outputs the scenario models as standardised Turtle or RDF/XML ontology formats, which can be sent to the PERICLES ERMR model store, where they can be use by the other PERICLES components, e.g. for the analysis of change impact. Find out more at https://github.com/pericles-project/EcoBuilder
-->
Papers
"A Model-driven Approach to Preservation of Complex Digital Objects in Space Science" is a PERICLES paper presented by Simon Waddington from project partner King's College London at the SciDataCon 2016 workshop entitled 'Curating all that Big Data: Modeling Challenges and New Implementation Innovations' (Denver, Colorado, US, 13 September 2016). The paper discussed PERICLES work on Space Science Data with respect to Big Data workflows, curation and modelling strategies. Dr. Waddington also attended the RDA Eight Plenary Meeting, which was co-located with SciDataCon and took place within the International Data Week (15-17 September 2016).
"Digital Preservation Based on Contextualised Dependencies" was presented by Nikolaos Lagos and Jean-Yves Vion-Dury from project partner Xerox at DocEng2016, the leading international ACM Symposium for researchers, practitioners, developers, and users to explore cutting-edge ideas and to exchange techniques, tools, and experiences in the domain of document engineering (Vienna, 13-16 September 2016). The paper discusses PERICLES work on modelling the context of preserved objects and presents change propagation algorithms that allow appropriate impact analysis to take place. The approach is exemplified via a case study in document preservation and management. --> Upcoming Events This section presents events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
PERICLES Seminar and Demonstration workshop - Gothenburg, 22 September 2016
The Swedish School of Library and Information Science (University of Borås) in collaboration with PERICLES, invites you to join two events co-located with the Gothenburg Book Fair. In the morning of 22 September speakers from project partners King's College London and CERTH will join Sanja Halling (Digisam, Swedish National Archives), Peter Voisey (Findwise), Bengt Neiss (National Library of Sweden) and Göran Kristiansson (Swedish National Archives, eARD Project manager) in a panel session called 'How can we ever access the digital objects created 20 years ago, 100 years from now?' .
The event will be followed by a workshop showcasing different tools related to metadata extraction, ontology population, ecosystem modelling, visualisation of evolving ecosystems and semantics, and their role in the overall model-driven preservation approach promoted by PERICLES. The half-day workshop will take place near Svenska Mässan, Gothenburg, Sweden. Specific location details will be sent to those registered. Find out more
iPRES 2016, Bern, 3-6 October 2016
iPRES is the longest standing digital preservation conference in the world and brings together key theorists, researchers and practitioners to explore the latest trends, innovations, policies and practices in digital preservation. The 13th International Conference on Digital Preservation (iPRES) will take place in Bern from October 3 - 6, 2016. The rich conference programme will include paper and poster sessions, panels, tutorials and workshops. Find out more
Dr. Simon Waddington from PERICLES project partner King's College London will join the Workshop 18: Active Data Management Planning: Chances and Challenges. This workshop will consider recent research and the outcomes of the next RDA ADMP IG workshop at Cern to discuss ADMP related topics and will address further open research questions around ADMPs, with a special focus on continuous adoption of DMPs and automation support. Hence, the aim of this workshop is to identify on base of submitted contributions and the conclusion of the discussion during the workshop the recent obstacles that prevent the realization of ADMPs and how those could be addressed. The outcome of this workshop will be the preparation of a roadmap towards a reference framework of ADMP management and automation.
PREFORMA Experience Workshop, Berlin, 23 November 2016
Following the successful Open Source Workshop, organised in Stockholm in April this year, the PREFORMA project invites all the members of the digital preservation community to attend the Experience Workshop – Improving long-term digital preservation, which will be held in Berlin on November 23, 2016.
Aim of the workshop is to demonstrate the use of the conformance checkers for file-formats developed in the project, involve memory institutions outside the PREFORMA consortium in testing, using and further developing the software, and share the experience gained by PREFORMA memory institutions working with developers under R&D service agreements.
Hosted at the Kulturforum in Berlin, the event will feature keynote presentations by representatives from the European Commission on the opportunities offered by the Pre-Commercial Procurement instrument, talks by international experts in digital preservation on the importance of checking the conformance of the digital files against the standard specifications, live demonstrations of the software developed by the three suppliers working in the project (veraPDF, Easy Innova, MediaArea) and an informal networking event where the attendees can share experiences, meet the PREFORMA developers and learn about the tools. Find out more
'Computational Archival Science' workshop, 8 December, Washington, D.C., USA
This event is co-located with 2016 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (IEEE Big Data 2016) and will explore the conjunction of emerging methods and technologies around big data with archival practice, and examine new forms of analysis and historical, social, scientific, and cultural research engagement with archives. Organised by project partner King's College London together with members from the Digital Curation Innovation Center (DCIC) among others, the workshop encourages paper submissions (deadline 3 October) on several topics including the application of analytics to archival material, big data technologies, digital curation and preservation. Find out more
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PERICLES Newsletter - July 2016
PERICLES Newsletter - July 2016
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
The PERICLES Consortium are pleased to announce an international meeting and conference entitled ‘Acting on Change: New Approaches and Future Practices in Digital Preservation’ in association with the Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC) and the DPC Awards ceremony.
This two-day event will be taking place on 30 November and 1 December 2016 at the Wellcome Conference Centre in London (UK), and will be followed by a third day featuring parallel satellite events, such as a PhD workshop, or a workshop dedicated to IT solution providers and software developers.
The main conference will examine a range of innovative research approaches and visions for future practices in digital preservation through a series of panel discussions and workshops. The main objective here is to foster a discussion with the participants through contributions from both invited speakers from preservation-related communities and the PERICLES team. The event is aimed at those working to develop digital preservation policy, strategy and procedures; establish digital preservation infrastructures and workflows; systems developers, providers and procurers; and those interested in seeing the systems and tools developed that reflect their needs and environment.
Registration will open in early September 2016. More information on the programme will be available soon in the conference website. Deliverable update
At the end of this month we will publish D6.5 'Design practices and operational sustainability for data preservation systems'. This deliverable will summarise both lessons learnt during the research within PERICLES and recommendations with regards to establishing or introducing a preservation and change management layer into digital repository systems. Check out our deliverables section for further information and documents download.
On Saturday 23 July Tate hosted a workshop in London focussing on new tools to support the conservation of digital video, led by Dave Rice and Ashley Blewer. The workshop focussed on the functionalities existing with the latest versions of MediaInfo and MediaTrace accessed via the command line, and demonstrated the additional user friendly functionality being developed through MediaConch in developing policies for the technical evaluation of files. Case examples from PERICLES were discussed as well as tools from the PREFORMA Project. In attendance were expert representatives from the British Museum, the British Film Institute, the Irish Film Institute, the National Archives, Artefactual, LUX, the British Library, BBC, and the PREFORMA Project. Keep your eyes peeled in future newsletters for a blog about the workshop and the tools discussed, written by one of Tate’s Time-based Media Conservation team.
Digital Preservation Coalition open for international membership
From 1st August 2016 the Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC) will encourage and approve well-founded applications to join the Coalition as full or associate members from around the World. Until now, members have primarily been based in the UK and Ireland. The Digital Preservation Coalition is a not-for-profit membership agency which provides training, advocacy, capacity-building and partnerships in digital preservation, helping our members ensure our digital memory is accessible tomorrow. Read more Upcoming Events In this section are events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
Repository Fringe 2016, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1-2 August 2016
SuCCESS'16, Leipzig, Germany, 12 September 2016
Organised by the PERICLES project, SuCCESS'16 is the 1st International Workshop on "Semantic Change and Evolving Semantics". This half-day workshop brings together a series of perspectives on the theory and relevance of semantic change across contexts and disciplines. The event is co-located with the annual conference SEMANTiCS, a meeting place for professionals who make semantic computing work, and understand its benefits and know its limitations. The workshop is free to attend, however registration through the SEMANTiCS conference website is required. Find out more.
DocEng is the leading international ACM Symposium for researchers, practitioners, developers, and users to explore cutting-edge ideas and to exchange techniques, tools, and experiences in the domain of document engineering. This year's event will be held at TU Wien, Vienna, Austria, September 13-16, 2016. The symposium emphasizes innovative approaches to document engineering technology, use of documents and document collections in real world applications, novel principles, tools and processes that improve our ability to create, manage, maintain, share, and productively use these.
During the event Senior Scientist Jean-Yves Vion-Dury from PERICLES project partner XEROX will present a paper entitled 'Digital Preservation Based on Contextualized Dependencies', which covers work in WP3 'Dependency and change management models for digital ecosystems'. Registration to DocEng2016 is now open. Find out more.
Book and Library Fair – Gothenburg, 22-25 September 2016
Scandinavia's largest literary festival returns this year with a series of seminars for the lovers of the written word and beyond.
In association with PERICLES, the Swedish School of Library and Information Science at the University of Borås will run a panel session called 'How can we ever access the digital objects created 20 years ago, 100 years from now?' on 22 September. Speakers will include Sanja Halling (Digisam, Swedish National Archives), Peter Voisey (Findwise), Bengt Neiss (National Library of Sweden), Göran Kristiansson (Swedish National Archives, eARD Project manager). More information on registration coming soon: https://bokmassan.se/eng/
The PERICLES newsletter is taking a short summer break and will return in September with more news and project updates.
HAPPY HOLIDAYS Copyright ©2016 PERICLES, All rights reserved.
Our mailing address is:
info@pericles-project.eu
unsubscribe from this list update subscription preferences
Tweet
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Copyright ©2015 PERICLES, All rights reserved.
Our mailing address is:
info@pericles-project.eu
unsubscribe from this list update subscription preferences
Tweet
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Share
Twitter
Website
Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
The PERICLES Consortium are pleased to announce an international meeting and conference entitled ‘Acting on Change: New Approaches and Future Practices in Digital Preservation’ in association with the Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC) and the DPC Awards ceremony.
This two-day event will be taking place on 30 November and 1 December 2016 at the Wellcome Conference Centre in London (UK), and will be followed by a third day featuring parallel satellite events, such as a PhD workshop, or a workshop dedicated to IT solution providers and software developers.
The main conference will examine a range of innovative research approaches and visions for future practices in digital preservation through a series of panel discussions and workshops. The main objective here is to foster a discussion with the participants through contributions from both invited speakers from preservation-related communities and the PERICLES team. The event is aimed at those working to develop digital preservation policy, strategy and procedures; establish digital preservation infrastructures and workflows; systems developers, providers and procurers; and those interested in seeing the systems and tools developed that reflect their needs and environment.
Registration will open in early September 2016. More information on the programme will be available soon in the conference website. Deliverable update
At the end of this month we will publish D6.5 'Design practices and operational sustainability for data preservation systems'. This deliverable will summarise both lessons learnt during the research within PERICLES and recommendations with regards to establishing or introducing a preservation and change management layer into digital repository systems. Check out our deliverables section for further information and documents download.
On Saturday 23 July Tate hosted a workshop in London focussing on new tools to support the conservation of digital video, led by Dave Rice and Ashley Blewer. The workshop focussed on the functionalities existing with the latest versions of MediaInfo and MediaTrace accessed via the command line, and demonstrated the additional user friendly functionality being developed through MediaConch in developing policies for the technical evaluation of files. Case examples from PERICLES were discussed as well as tools from the PREFORMA Project. In attendance were expert representatives from the British Museum, the British Film Institute, the Irish Film Institute, the National Archives, Artefactual, LUX, the British Library, BBC, and the PREFORMA Project. Keep your eyes peeled in future newsletters for a blog about the workshop and the tools discussed, written by one of Tate’s Time-based Media Conservation team.
Digital Preservation Coalition open for international membershipFrom 1st August 2016 the Digital Preservation Coalition (DPC) will encourage and approve well-founded applications to join the Coalition as full or associate members from around the World. Until now, members have primarily been based in the UK and Ireland. The Digital Preservation Coalition is a not-for-profit membership agency which provides training, advocacy, capacity-building and partnerships in digital preservation, helping our members ensure our digital memory is accessible tomorrow. Read more Upcoming Events In this section are events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
Repository Fringe 2016, Edinburgh, Scotland, 1-2 August 2016
Repository Fringe is a gathering for repository managers and others interested in research data repositories and publication repositories. Participation is a key element – the event is designed to encourage all attendees to share their repository experiences and expertise.
Traditionally, Repository Fringe is aimed primarily at a UK-based audience. This year's programme themes include:
- Open Educational Resources
- The Nuts and Bolts of Open
- Making a Difference with Data
SuCCESS'16, Leipzig, Germany, 12 September 2016
Organised by the PERICLES project, SuCCESS'16 is the 1st International Workshop on "Semantic Change and Evolving Semantics". This half-day workshop brings together a series of perspectives on the theory and relevance of semantic change across contexts and disciplines. The event is co-located with the annual conference SEMANTiCS, a meeting place for professionals who make semantic computing work, and understand its benefits and know its limitations. The workshop is free to attend, however registration through the SEMANTiCS conference website is required. Find out more.
DocEng is the leading international ACM Symposium for researchers, practitioners, developers, and users to explore cutting-edge ideas and to exchange techniques, tools, and experiences in the domain of document engineering. This year's event will be held at TU Wien, Vienna, Austria, September 13-16, 2016. The symposium emphasizes innovative approaches to document engineering technology, use of documents and document collections in real world applications, novel principles, tools and processes that improve our ability to create, manage, maintain, share, and productively use these.
During the event Senior Scientist Jean-Yves Vion-Dury from PERICLES project partner XEROX will present a paper entitled 'Digital Preservation Based on Contextualized Dependencies', which covers work in WP3 'Dependency and change management models for digital ecosystems'. Registration to DocEng2016 is now open. Find out more.
Book and Library Fair – Gothenburg, 22-25 September 2016
Scandinavia's largest literary festival returns this year with a series of seminars for the lovers of the written word and beyond.In association with PERICLES, the Swedish School of Library and Information Science at the University of Borås will run a panel session called 'How can we ever access the digital objects created 20 years ago, 100 years from now?' on 22 September. Speakers will include Sanja Halling (Digisam, Swedish National Archives), Peter Voisey (Findwise), Bengt Neiss (National Library of Sweden), Göran Kristiansson (Swedish National Archives, eARD Project manager). More information on registration coming soon: https://bokmassan.se/eng/
The PERICLES newsletter is taking a short summer break and will return in September with more news and project updates.HAPPY HOLIDAYS Copyright ©2016 PERICLES, All rights reserved.
Our mailing address is:
info@pericles-project.eu
unsubscribe from this list update subscription preferences
Tweet
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Copyright ©2015 PERICLES, All rights reserved.Our mailing address is:
info@pericles-project.eu
unsubscribe from this list update subscription preferences
Tweet
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Share
Categorieën: Informatievoorziening, Voortbestaan
PERICLES Newsletter - June 2016
PERICLES Newsletter - June 2016
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Project update
Work continues on the development of the PERICLES appraisal tool. This tool performs technical appraisal of complex digital objects such as video based artworks and scientific experiments, that are made up of interdependent files, software, metadata and processes. Hardware dependencies can also be modelled. The direction of the work has benefited greatly from input of the case study partners (Tate and B.USOC) as well as feedback from public workshops such as IDCC16. The tool is aimed at professional users such as art conservators and data archive managers. We are currently testing and integrating the main technical components. In the PERICLES Goettingen meeting at the end of June, we will work on integration with the Test Bed. A UI wireframe has been produced and will be implemented by a summer intern, in parallel with further user testing. The tool is due for release later in 2016.
On the 23 July Tate is hosting a closed workshop for 25 guests. The workshop is the outcome of a collaboration between Dave Rice and PERICLES. In early 2015 Tate published an initial report by Dave Rice ‘Sustaining Consistent Video Presentation’. Following on from this, Dave has been working to add functionality to MediaInfo in order to provide a tool for conservators to easily present information relevant to the challenge of consistent video playback for preservation. -->
Latest deliverable
'Modelling Contextualised Semantics' summarises the work conducted within task T4.4 of WP4, presenting our proposed models for semantically representing digital content and its respective context – the latter refers to any information coming from the environment of the digital object (DO) that offers better insight into the object’s status, its interrelationships with other content items and information about the object’s context of use. Read more.
-->
1st Int. Workshop on “Semantic Change & Evolving Semantics - SuCCESS’16
PERICLES is proud to present an half-day workshop aiming at exploring emerging research in the areas of semantic change and evolving semantics. This workshop will take place on 12 September and is co-located within SEMANTiCS 2016, which is hosted by the Leipzig University in Germany (12-15 September 2016). We are inviting paper and poster submissions on the following topics:
Paper highlight
'The Resource Action Language: Towards Designing Reactive RDF Stores' was selected as one of the two best papers in the 1st International Workshop on Semantic Web Technologies for Mobile and Pervasive Environments' co-located with ESWC2016 (Anissaras, Greece, 29 May). This paper was presented by Jean-Yves Vion-Dury from project partner XEROX who are leaders in WP3 Dependency and change management models for digital ecosystems (M2-44). --> Technology Watch
We are proud to announce the release of PROPheT (PeRicles Ontology Population Tool) a novel application that enables instance extraction and ontology population from Linked Data, using a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). In PROPheT, concepts, i.e. realisations of entities, and relations populated in online Linked Data sources (such as DBPedia) can be located, filtered and inserted into a user’s own domain ontology.
PROPheT offers three types of instance extraction-related functionalities (instance-based populating, class-based populating and instance enrichment) along with user-driven mapping of data properties. It is flexible enough to work with any domain ontology (written in OWL) and any RDF Linked Data set that is available via a SPARQL endpoint.
PROPheT was developed by project partner CERTH leaders of WP4 that focuses on capturing content semantics and environment. The initial aim of the tool was to populate the project's Art & Media domain ontologies (see D2.3.2), however PROPheT quickly surpassed its initial scope and has now evolved into a full-fledged ontology populator interoperable with any OWL ontology.
PROPhet has been released under Apache 2.0 licence and is available for download from GitHub: https://github.com/MKLab-ITI/prophet
New DPC Technology Watch Report
UK Data Service and Charles Beagrie Ltd are delighted to release the latest ‘Preserving Transactional Data’ by the DPC’s Sara Day Thomson. This report tackles the requirements for preserving transactional data and the accompanying challenges facing companies and institutions that aim to re-use these data for analysis or research, presenting the issues and strategies which emphasize preservation practices that facilitate re-use and reproducibility.
This newest addition to the popular Technology Watch Series was commissioned by the UK Data Service with sponsorship from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) as part of their Big Data Network Support initiative. Upcoming Events In this section are events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
FOIS 2016, Annecy, France, 6-9 July 2016
The 9th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems is designed to provide a meeting point for researchers from all disciplines with an interest in formal ontology. FOIS is the flagship conference of the International Association for Ontology and its Applications (IAOA), which is a non-profit organization that promotes interdisciplinary research and international collaboration in formal ontology. Read more
ICSOFT-PT 2016, Lisbon, Portugal 24-26 July 2016
The 11th International Conference on Software Paradigm Trends brings together researchers, engineers and practitioners interested on information technology and software development. This edition will focus in priority on the four main paradigms that have been intensively studied during the last decade for software and system design, namely: Models, Aspects, Services and Context. Read more
Paper submissions are now open for this workshop organised in conjunction with the 13th International Conference on Digital Preservation iPRES16.
A continuation of the work carried out within the Research Data Alliance Active Data Management Planning Interest Group (RDA ADMP IG), this workshop will discuss further open research questions around ADMPs, with a special focus on continuous DMP adoption and automation support. Find out more --> Copyright ©2016 PERICLES, All rights reserved.
Our mailing address is:
info@pericles-project.eu
unsubscribe from this list update subscription preferences
Tweet
Forward
Share
Twitter
Website
Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Project update Work continues on the development of the PERICLES appraisal tool. This tool performs technical appraisal of complex digital objects such as video based artworks and scientific experiments, that are made up of interdependent files, software, metadata and processes. Hardware dependencies can also be modelled. The direction of the work has benefited greatly from input of the case study partners (Tate and B.USOC) as well as feedback from public workshops such as IDCC16. The tool is aimed at professional users such as art conservators and data archive managers. We are currently testing and integrating the main technical components. In the PERICLES Goettingen meeting at the end of June, we will work on integration with the Test Bed. A UI wireframe has been produced and will be implemented by a summer intern, in parallel with further user testing. The tool is due for release later in 2016.
On the 23 July Tate is hosting a closed workshop for 25 guests. The workshop is the outcome of a collaboration between Dave Rice and PERICLES. In early 2015 Tate published an initial report by Dave Rice ‘Sustaining Consistent Video Presentation’. Following on from this, Dave has been working to add functionality to MediaInfo in order to provide a tool for conservators to easily present information relevant to the challenge of consistent video playback for preservation. -->
Latest deliverable
'Modelling Contextualised Semantics' summarises the work conducted within task T4.4 of WP4, presenting our proposed models for semantically representing digital content and its respective context – the latter refers to any information coming from the environment of the digital object (DO) that offers better insight into the object’s status, its interrelationships with other content items and information about the object’s context of use. Read more.
-->
1st Int. Workshop on “Semantic Change & Evolving Semantics - SuCCESS’16
PERICLES is proud to present an half-day workshop aiming at exploring emerging research in the areas of semantic change and evolving semantics. This workshop will take place on 12 September and is co-located within SEMANTiCS 2016, which is hosted by the Leipzig University in Germany (12-15 September 2016). We are inviting paper and poster submissions on the following topics:
- Semantic change and evolving semantics;
- Cultural drift;
- Methods for the detection, interpretation and communication of drift types;
- Response to change: strategies for ontology adaptation and evolution; potential for the application of machine learning approaches;
- Role of social media in accelerating semantic change and use of social media data to study it.
Paper highlight
'The Resource Action Language: Towards Designing Reactive RDF Stores' was selected as one of the two best papers in the 1st International Workshop on Semantic Web Technologies for Mobile and Pervasive Environments' co-located with ESWC2016 (Anissaras, Greece, 29 May). This paper was presented by Jean-Yves Vion-Dury from project partner XEROX who are leaders in WP3 Dependency and change management models for digital ecosystems (M2-44). --> Technology Watch
We are proud to announce the release of PROPheT (PeRicles Ontology Population Tool) a novel application that enables instance extraction and ontology population from Linked Data, using a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI). In PROPheT, concepts, i.e. realisations of entities, and relations populated in online Linked Data sources (such as DBPedia) can be located, filtered and inserted into a user’s own domain ontology.
PROPheT offers three types of instance extraction-related functionalities (instance-based populating, class-based populating and instance enrichment) along with user-driven mapping of data properties. It is flexible enough to work with any domain ontology (written in OWL) and any RDF Linked Data set that is available via a SPARQL endpoint.
PROPheT was developed by project partner CERTH leaders of WP4 that focuses on capturing content semantics and environment. The initial aim of the tool was to populate the project's Art & Media domain ontologies (see D2.3.2), however PROPheT quickly surpassed its initial scope and has now evolved into a full-fledged ontology populator interoperable with any OWL ontology.
PROPhet has been released under Apache 2.0 licence and is available for download from GitHub: https://github.com/MKLab-ITI/prophet
New DPC Technology Watch ReportUK Data Service and Charles Beagrie Ltd are delighted to release the latest ‘Preserving Transactional Data’ by the DPC’s Sara Day Thomson. This report tackles the requirements for preserving transactional data and the accompanying challenges facing companies and institutions that aim to re-use these data for analysis or research, presenting the issues and strategies which emphasize preservation practices that facilitate re-use and reproducibility.
This newest addition to the popular Technology Watch Series was commissioned by the UK Data Service with sponsorship from the Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) as part of their Big Data Network Support initiative. Upcoming Events In this section are events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
FOIS 2016, Annecy, France, 6-9 July 2016
The 9th International Conference on Formal Ontology in Information Systems is designed to provide a meeting point for researchers from all disciplines with an interest in formal ontology. FOIS is the flagship conference of the International Association for Ontology and its Applications (IAOA), which is a non-profit organization that promotes interdisciplinary research and international collaboration in formal ontology. Read more
ICSOFT-PT 2016, Lisbon, Portugal 24-26 July 2016
The 11th International Conference on Software Paradigm Trends brings together researchers, engineers and practitioners interested on information technology and software development. This edition will focus in priority on the four main paradigms that have been intensively studied during the last decade for software and system design, namely: Models, Aspects, Services and Context. Read more
Paper submissions are now open for this workshop organised in conjunction with the 13th International Conference on Digital Preservation iPRES16.A continuation of the work carried out within the Research Data Alliance Active Data Management Planning Interest Group (RDA ADMP IG), this workshop will discuss further open research questions around ADMPs, with a special focus on continuous DMP adoption and automation support. Find out more --> Copyright ©2016 PERICLES, All rights reserved.
Our mailing address is:
info@pericles-project.eu
unsubscribe from this list update subscription preferences
Tweet
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Categorieën: Informatievoorziening, Voortbestaan
PERICLES Newsletter - May 2016
PERICLES Newsletter - May 2016
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Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Help us enhance information on long-term digital preservation
We need your help and professional expertise: We have embarked on an approach to enhance the access to information supporting long-term preservation practices and solution development. Before moving to the next step, we need to corroborate our initial hypothesis of there being room for improvement of the current situation on discovering information that would support you in your work field (from data curation, preservation and research to training and teaching in the field, or creating solutions for the practitioners).
Would you support us in finding out how to move on by responding to a brief set of questions (10-15 min) around three topics in an online questionnaire? All personal data collected will remain strictly confidential. This research is done on request of the EU and will help complete tasks in the area of long-term sustainability of project outcomes (WP9). Your contribution by 1 June will be highly appreciated. -->
Paper highlight
"The PERICLES Process Compiler: Linking BPMN Processes into Complex Workflows for Model-Driven Preservation in Evolving Ecosystems"
This paper was presented by Noa Campos-Lopez at WEBIST 2016, the 12th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies, which took place in Rome, Italy on 23-25 April 2016. It introduces the PERICLES Process Compiler, which enables the compilation of linked RDF-based processes into executable BPMN workflows. The full text can be downloaded from the SCITEPRESS website.
"The PERICLES Space Case: Preserving Earth Observation Data for the Future" was presented by Christian Muller from project partner B.USOC at the Living Planet Symposium (LPS), a major Earth Observation symposium that is organised every 3 years by the European Space Agency. This event provides a forum for EO experts to present and discuss their scientific and application research in Earth Observation.
Upcoming Events
In this section are events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
WHiSe, Heraklion, Crete, Greece 29 May 2016
WHiSe is a symposium aimed at strengthening communication between scholars in the Digital Humanities and Semantic Web communities and discussing unthought-of opportunities arising from the research problems of the former. Its best-of-both-worlds format will accommodate the practices of scholarly dialogue in both fields by inviting visions, real systems and debate. WHiSe is co-located with the 13th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC). Stratos Kontopoulos from PERICLES partner CERTH will present a paper entitled "Ontology-based Representation of Context of Use in Digital Preservation". Read more
DAM Europe, the Henry Stewart conference series on Digital Asset Management returns to London on 28-29 June, 2016. Save £200 with this discount code: ROMNEY200
SEMPER, Anissaras, Greece 29 May 2016
The 1st International Workshop on Semantic Web Technologies for Mobile and Pervasive Environments aims to address emerging challenges in the field, discussing the benefits and limitations of applying Semantic Web technologies, with a special emphasis on semantic interoperability, context-aware modelling, hybrid reasoning schemes and intelligent decision making, real-time analytics, fusion of data sources and leveraging Big Data, sensor integration and reference platforms. This workshop is co-located with ESWC2016. During the event Jean-Yves Vion-Dury from PERICLES project partner XEROX will present a paper entitled "The Resource Action Language (ReAL): Towards Designing Reactive RDF Stores". Read more -->
Workshop 18: Active Data Management Planning: Chances and Challenges
This iPRES workshop will take place on 6 October 2016 (13.30-17.00). It will consider the outcomes of the next RDA Active Data Management Plans Interest group (ADMP IG) workshop to discuss additional topics and address further open research questions, with a special focus on continuous adoption of DMPs and automation support. Hence, the aim of this workshop is to identify on base of the submitted contributions and the conclusion of the discussion during the workshop the recent obstacles that prevent the realization of ADMPs and how those could be addressed. The outcome of this workshop will be the preparation of a roadmap towards a reference framework of ADMP management and automation. Simon Waddington from PERICLES partner King’s College London will be a co-chair of this workshop. Online registration is now open. Read more on workshops & tutorials.
--> Copyright ©2016 PERICLES, All rights reserved.
Our mailing address is:
info@pericles-project.eu
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Twitter
Website
Promoting and Enhancing Reuse of Information throughout the Content Lifecycle taking account of Evolving Semantics
Help us enhance information on long-term digital preservationWe need your help and professional expertise: We have embarked on an approach to enhance the access to information supporting long-term preservation practices and solution development. Before moving to the next step, we need to corroborate our initial hypothesis of there being room for improvement of the current situation on discovering information that would support you in your work field (from data curation, preservation and research to training and teaching in the field, or creating solutions for the practitioners).
Would you support us in finding out how to move on by responding to a brief set of questions (10-15 min) around three topics in an online questionnaire? All personal data collected will remain strictly confidential. This research is done on request of the EU and will help complete tasks in the area of long-term sustainability of project outcomes (WP9). Your contribution by 1 June will be highly appreciated. -->
Paper highlight
"The PERICLES Process Compiler: Linking BPMN Processes into Complex Workflows for Model-Driven Preservation in Evolving Ecosystems"
This paper was presented by Noa Campos-Lopez at WEBIST 2016, the 12th International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies, which took place in Rome, Italy on 23-25 April 2016. It introduces the PERICLES Process Compiler, which enables the compilation of linked RDF-based processes into executable BPMN workflows. The full text can be downloaded from the SCITEPRESS website.
"The PERICLES Space Case: Preserving Earth Observation Data for the Future" was presented by Christian Muller from project partner B.USOC at the Living Planet Symposium (LPS), a major Earth Observation symposium that is organised every 3 years by the European Space Agency. This event provides a forum for EO experts to present and discuss their scientific and application research in Earth Observation.
Upcoming Events
In this section are events that might interest you for their pertinence to research, development and practices in digital preservation.
WHiSe, Heraklion, Crete, Greece 29 May 2016
WHiSe is a symposium aimed at strengthening communication between scholars in the Digital Humanities and Semantic Web communities and discussing unthought-of opportunities arising from the research problems of the former. Its best-of-both-worlds format will accommodate the practices of scholarly dialogue in both fields by inviting visions, real systems and debate. WHiSe is co-located with the 13th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC). Stratos Kontopoulos from PERICLES partner CERTH will present a paper entitled "Ontology-based Representation of Context of Use in Digital Preservation". Read more
DAM Europe, the Henry Stewart conference series on Digital Asset Management returns to London on 28-29 June, 2016. Save £200 with this discount code: ROMNEY200
SEMPER, Anissaras, Greece 29 May 2016
The 1st International Workshop on Semantic Web Technologies for Mobile and Pervasive Environments aims to address emerging challenges in the field, discussing the benefits and limitations of applying Semantic Web technologies, with a special emphasis on semantic interoperability, context-aware modelling, hybrid reasoning schemes and intelligent decision making, real-time analytics, fusion of data sources and leveraging Big Data, sensor integration and reference platforms. This workshop is co-located with ESWC2016. During the event Jean-Yves Vion-Dury from PERICLES project partner XEROX will present a paper entitled "The Resource Action Language (ReAL): Towards Designing Reactive RDF Stores". Read more -->
Workshop 18: Active Data Management Planning: Chances and Challenges
This iPRES workshop will take place on 6 October 2016 (13.30-17.00). It will consider the outcomes of the next RDA Active Data Management Plans Interest group (ADMP IG) workshop to discuss additional topics and address further open research questions, with a special focus on continuous adoption of DMPs and automation support. Hence, the aim of this workshop is to identify on base of the submitted contributions and the conclusion of the discussion during the workshop the recent obstacles that prevent the realization of ADMPs and how those could be addressed. The outcome of this workshop will be the preparation of a roadmap towards a reference framework of ADMP management and automation. Simon Waddington from PERICLES partner King’s College London will be a co-chair of this workshop. Online registration is now open. Read more on workshops & tutorials.
--> Copyright ©2016 PERICLES, All rights reserved.
Our mailing address is:
info@pericles-project.eu
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Categorieën: Informatievoorziening, Voortbestaan
Une blockchain pour l’archivage à valeur probatoire
Pour faire de l’archivage électronique à valeur probatoire, les organisations doivent faire l’acquisition de produits coûteux offrant des mécanismes de traçabilité sécurisés. Ces mécanismes ont pour objectif d’assurer l’intégrité des archives et l’imputabilité des actions qui sont réalisées. C’est ce qu’on appelle de l’archivage électronique à valeur probatoire. Nous allons voir que l’on peut se reposer sur la technologie Blockchain pour assurer ce caractère tout au long de la conservation des archives.
Il faut savoir que le caractère probatoire d’un document ou d’une archive ne s’acquière pas. On peut faire un peu le rapprochement entre l’inné ou l’acquis. La valeur probatoire du document est une valeur en soi du document. Ce n’est pas parce que vous archivez un document dans un système dit “à valeur probatoire”, qu’il a valeur de preuve. Cependant si vous avez un document (un contrat par exemple) qui fait foi face une partie, vous devez vous assurer de son intégrité au risque qu’il perde son caractère de preuve. Dans ce cas, il n’est plus possible de prouver que le contrat est fidèle à ce qui a été signé.
Le régime juridique de la preuve
Code civil des Français (Paris: De l’Impr. de la République, 1804) | Yale Law Library, CC BY 2.0
Il existe actuellement deux régimes de preuve :
- La preuve libre : Elle permet d’utiliser tous les moyens pour démontrer les faits juridiques, transactions civiles (<1500€ actuellement) ou transactions entre commerçants. Elle est aussi la règle en droit pénal et administratif. En cas de contestation d’une preuve, c’est l’appréciation du juge qui permettra de trancher.
- La preuve légale : elle est utilisée dans tous les cas où la loi impose formellement un moyen de preuve déterminé. Le régime juridique de la preuve légale relève des articles 1341 et 1316 à 1316-4 du code civil, et à partir d’octobre 2016, des articles 1375 et 1363 à 1368 du code civil (et peut-être d’autres).
Ainsi, l’article 1316-1 du code civil nous indique que : « L’écrit sous forme électronique est admis en preuve au même titre que l’écrit sur support papier, sous réserve que puisse être dûment identifiée la personne dont il émane et qu’il soit établi et conservé dans des conditions de nature à en garantir l’intégrité. »
A partir d’octobre 2016, il est remplacé par l’article 1366 du code civil qui nous indique que : « L’écrit électronique a la même force probante que l’écrit sur support papier, sous réserve que puisse être dûment identifiée la personne dont il émane et qu’il soit établi et conservé dans des conditions de nature à en garantir l’intégrité. »
On retrouve bien là deux notions importantes que sont l’imputabilité et l’intégrité. Mais la preuve relève d’un régime juridique qui distingue les notions d’original électronique et de copie électronique :
- L’original électronique : « l’exigence d’une pluralité d’originaux est réputée satisfaite pour les contrats sous forme électronique lorsque l’acte est établi et conservé conformément aux articles 1316-1 et 1316-4 et que le procédé permet à chaque partie de disposer d’un exemplaire ou d’y avoir accès. » (Article 1325 du code civil)
- La copie: « Toute reproduction littérale d’un original qui, n’étant pas revêtue des signatures qui en feraient un second original ne fait foi que lorsque l’original ne subsiste plus et sous les distinctions établies par l’article 1335 du code civil, mais dont la valeur est reconnue à des fins spécifiées (notamment pour les notifications), sous les conditions de la loi (copies établies par des officiers publics compétents…) » selon l’ouvrage de G.CORNU « Vocabulaire juridique » PUF 2001
A partir d’octobre 2016, ces éléments sont remplacés par :
- L’original électronique : « L’exigence d’une pluralité d’originaux est réputée satisfaite pour les contrats sous forme électronique lorsque l’acte est établi et conservé conformément aux articles 1366 et 1367, et que le procédé permet à chaque partie de disposer d’un exemplaire sur support durable ou d’y avoir accès. » (Article 1375 du code civil)
- La copie : « La copie fiable a la même force probante que l’original. La fiabilité est laissée à l’appréciation du juge. Néanmoins est réputée fiable la copie exécutoire ou authentique d’un écrit authentique. Est présumée fiable jusqu’à preuve du contraire toute copie résultant d’une reproduction à l’identique de la forme et du contenu de l’acte, et dont l’intégrité est garantie dans le temps par un procédé conforme à des conditions fixées par décret en Conseil d’État. Si l’original subsiste, sa présentation peut toujours être exigée » (Article 1379 du code civil)
Ainsi le document qui doit tenir lieu de preuve, s’il est conservé dans des conditions assurant son imputabilité et son intégrité, est recevable s’il est un original électronique. Exit donc les copies numériques sauf si la copie est fidèle à l’orignal et intègre ET que l’original ne subsiste plus. Cependant le caractère fidèle s’apprécie par rapport à l’original, ce qui est un autre débat.
L’archivage à valeur probatoire
Archives | Marino González, CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
En résumé, la conservation du caractère probatoire d’un document doit impliquer les assurances suivantes :
- Imputabilité : on doit pouvoir identifier la personne (physique ou morale) dont émane le document
- Intelligibilité : le document doit conserver son caractère lisible
- Intégrité : le document doit être protégé contre la destruction, l’altération, la modification, qu’elle soit intentionnelle ou accidentelle
- Traçabilité : Tous les accès et modifications de documents doivent être tracés
Ces assurances doivent être garanties dans le temps. C’est la notion de Pérennité.
Le caractère probant reste toujours à l’appréciation du juge. Il reste donc recommandé de conserver l’original et donc de ne pas considérer un archivage électronique des copies électroniques (on en reparle dans 6 mois, la réglementation européenne évoluant rapidement).
A noter que la conservation doit être durable et concerner toutes les pièces accompagnant le document (Recommandé avec Accusé de Réception par exemple).
Pour respecter ces principes, un certain nombre des normes ont été produites. La plus connue en France est la norme NF-Z 42-013, normalisée au niveau international sous le nom ISO 14641-1. Cette norme peut donner lieu à une « certification » du système d’archivage et de l’organisation qui le supporte. Il s’agit de la marque NF-461.
La norme NF-Z 42-013 se lit en complément de la norme ISO 14721 (OAIS). Elle est adaptée aux archives quand la norme ISO 15489 (Records Management) est adaptée aux documents.
La norme NF-Z 42-013 “fournit un ensemble de spécifications techniques et de mesures organisationnelles à mettre en oeuvre pour l’enregistrement, l’archivage et la communication de documents numériques afin d’assurer la lisibilité, l’intégrité et la traçabilité de ces documents pendant la durée de leur conservation et de leur utilisation.”
L’imputabilité est gérée en amont via la traçabilité qui peut mettre en jeu des mécanismes de signature électronique avancée.
La pérennité doit être vue comme un processus à mettre en oeuvre au cours de la vie des archives afin d’en assurer la lisibilité dans le temps. Nous ne traiterons pas ce sujet ici même si la norme le traite sur tous ses aspects (formats, supports, matériels, signatures, …).
Les principes de la norme NF-Z 42-013
Constitution in the National Archives | Mr.TinDC, CC BY-ND 2.0
La norme pose certains principes. Elle décrit notamment les modes de captures des archives, les modes de stockage des archives et des métadonnées, l’autorisation de la compression, le cycle de vie des archives, ainsi que le recours au tiers archivage.
Mais elle décrit aussi les principes de journalisation. La norme impose deux types de journaux:
- Le journal des événements : Il contient tous les événements liés à l’application d’archivage, à la sécurité, et au système. Il contient pèle-mêle toutes les actions réalisées dans le système, à savoir les accès, l’identification des documents, la création de copies de sécurité, les mouvements des supports, les conversions de format pour n’en citer que quelques exemples.
- Le journal du cycle de vie des archives: il contient l’ensemble des attestations relatives aux archives (cf. http://www.archivesdefrance.culture.gouv.fr/static/7645) , à savoir :
-
- Validation du dépôt
-
- Migration de format
-
- Modification des métadonnées
-
- Restitution d’une archive
-
- Restauration d’une archive (en cas de problème d’intégrité)
-
- Destruction d’une archive
Chaque journal est considéré comme une archive et doit être conservé de la même manière. Les attestations d’opérations contenues dans les journaux doivent donc être imputables et intègres dans le temps. Pour y arriver, l’organisation peut soit se reposer entièrement sur des processus idoines pour s’assurer de la conservation des ses archives soit mettre en place des mécanismes techniques et des procédures moins contraignantes pour le métier.
Parmi ces exigences complémentaires pour avoir un système conforme à la norme se trouve la mise en place des mécanismes suivants:
- Signature électronique et horodatage des attestations d’opérations et événements de façon unitaire ou par lots
-
- Horodatage qui peut soit être interne (exigence minimale) ou être externe en faisant appel à un tiers horodateur
- Périodicité d’archivage des journaux
Si vous avez lu mon article sur le fonctionnement de la blockchain, vous devez commencer à comprendre ou je veux en venir. Sinon je vais vous éclairer dans la suite.
La notion d’attestationUne attestation électronique est un « ensemble d’éléments permettant d’assurer qu’une action ou un échange électronique a bien eu lieu ». Il s’agit ni plus ni moins que d’une transaction.
Dans un système d’archivage qui respecte la norme NF-Z 42-013, les attestations sont produites pour chaque action et sont signées par l’acteur ou l’organisation qui a réalisé l’action. Elle contiennent non seulement l’identifiant de l’objet manipulé mais aussi son empreinte (avant et après manipulation le cas échéant). Ces attestations sont stockées dans des journaux les unes à la suite des autres. En fin de journée, le journal est clôturé et archivé comme n’importe quelle archive.
Son archivage donne donc lieu à une attestation de dépôt dans le journal qui vient d’être ouvert pour la journée suivante. On dit alors que les journaux sont scellés et chaînés. Comme les blocs d’une blockchain.
Si l’on souhaite modifier une archive intentionnellement, il faut alors être capable non seulement de resigner l’archive générée mais aussi de modifier tous les journaux jusqu’au dépôt initial. Ce qui est très coûteux.
Imaginons une blockchain documentaireUne entreprise dispose en interne d’une solution d’archivage électronique. Cette solution repose sur une blockchain partagée par toutes les entreprises souhaitant conserver la valeur probatoire de leurs archives. Dans la suite, elle est même utilisée par les Archives Nationales. Cette blockchain contient tous les éléments de traçabilité des archives cités plus haut.
Blockchain et Arbre de Merkel | Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0
Versement d’archivesUne archive est versée dans le système d’archivage d’une entreprise. Une attestation est produite. Cette attestation contient notamment l’empreinte du fichier et des métadonnées. Elle est signée avec la clé privée de l’entreprise.
Elle est alors transmise aux nœuds du réseau qui réalisent le minage pour constituer le bloc. Dans le bloc, on retrouve un timestamp qui fait office de tiers horodatage.
L’intégrité et l’imputabilité de notre archive est alors assurée. En effet, pour modifier le bloc, il faudrait modifier tous les blocs de toutes les blockchains des noeuds ainsi que leurs blocs suivants. Mission Impossible !
Consultation d’archivesUn utilisateur souhaite accéder à une archive électronique via l’interface de consultation. Le système se connecte à la blockchain et via la référence de la transaction vérifie l’intégrité du fichier et d’autres informations stockés dans le système. En cas de succès, la système présente à l’utilisateur l’archive demandée.
Modification d’une métadonnéeSupposons qu’il soit nécessaire de modifier une métadonnée de notre archive. L’utilisateur la modifie dans le système ce qui génère une nouvelle attestation. Celle-ci référence la précédente afin de chaîner les actions sur l’archive. Elle est signée avec la clé privée de l’entreprise puis transmise aux nœuds du réseau.
Migration de formatAu fil du temps, les technologies évoluent et les formats de fichier peuvent devenir obsolètes. Le risque est alors grand de ne plus pouvoir ouvrir les fichiers si l’on ne dispose plus les logiciels adéquats. Les archives deviennent donc illisibles.
Afin de remédier à cette situation, des migrations de formats peuvent être opérées. Ces migrations sont réalisées dans le cadre de projets qui vont non seulement réaliser la conversion mais aussi s’assurer que l’archive est toujours lisible et fidèle à l’original.
Lors des opérations de conversion et de vérification, des attestations sont produites qui sont transmises aux noeuds du réseau. Afin de renforcer la confiance de cette migration, les étapes de vérifications pourront toujours être réalisées par un tiers qui alimentera la blockchain en attestations de vérification.
Transfert d’archivesMon entreprise est une entreprise semi-publique. Elle a donc des obligations envers les Archives Nationales. A ce titre elle doit lui transmettre les archives jugées comme ayant un intérêt historique.
Une fois la liste établie, l’entreprise réalise le transfert des archives et produit pour chacune d’elle une attestation de transfert d’archives en la signant avec sa clé privée et la clé publique des Archives Nationales.
Il n’est pas nécessaire de transférer les journaux puisqu’ils sont partagés entre tous les nœuds du réseau. Les Archives Nationales peuvent alors réaliser leurs propres actions de conservation sur les archives transférées.
Pourquoi la blockchain au lieu d’un système interne ?La reconnaissance du caractère de preuve d’un document repose sur les moyens mis en oeuvre pour assurer l’imputabilité et l’intégrité des archives. Ces moyens peuvent être techniques ou organisationnels.
L’intégrité globale d’un système d’archivage repose sur les moyens préventifs en terme de sécurité mis en oeuvre par l’organisation. Sans ces moyens il devient plus facile d’attenter à l’intégrité des archives.
Je vois donc deux avantages à un système de blockchain par rapport à un système interne :
- Le coût : Point discutable puisque les systèmes d’archivage électronique à valeur probatoire existent déjà. Cependant ils sont encore très peu nombreux et les licences très coûteuses (cela se compte en centaines de milliers d’euros). Ainsi, pour se dégager d’une partie des mesures de sécurité pour assurer l’intégrité, les entreprises sont tentées de faire appel à des tiers qui nous offrent un niveau d’abstraction supplémentaire (horodatage, signature, tiers archivage). Ces services tiers ont aussi un coût d’entrée et un coût récurrent qui dépend du volume archivé. En se reposant sur un système décentralisé telle qu’une blockchain, il s’agit de faire supporter le coût de la gestion de l’intégrité de vos archives à la communauté. Idéalement, cette blockchain aura été mise en place par les Archives Nationales qui ont un fort intérêt dans le domaine.
- Une assurance d’intégrité plus forte : Comme décrit précédemment, l’intégrité repose essentiellement sur la tenue des journaux. Il est bien plus facile de casser l’intégrité d’un journal (moyennant l’accès au support de stockage) que de casser l’intégrité de N journaux vérifiés constamment par N tiers grâce à la technologie Blockchain.
Image d’entête: National Archives Film Canisters, Mr.TinDC, CC BY-ND 2.0
Cet article Une blockchain pour l’archivage à valeur probatoire est apparu en premier sur Kevin Lagaisse.
Hacker le monde réel avec les ondes radio et les capteurs
Petites anecdotes & vraies expériences de l’internet des vrais objets.
Depuis quelques temps, je m’intéresse aux objets connectés, aux ondes radio et aux villes intelligentes en tant qu’usager et aux possibilités qu’il y aurait à hacker le réel au bénéfice des citoyens. Quand je dis hacker, je n’envisage pas de m’introduire dans les systèmes des entreprises ou des personnes. Il s’agit plus précisément de voir comment, de manière très simple, il est possible d’exploiter des informations présentes autour de nous mais invisibles en temps normal.
Sans entrer dans de grandes théories sur ce que doit être une ville intelligente, nous avons je pense tous été confrontés à un moment ou à un autre à la difficulté de vérifier un ressenti que l’on a dans la rue, dans les transports, dans un parking avec des choses du réel. A nous demander « et si je pouvais le mesurer, là, tout de suite ? »
Histoire n°1 : Il fait froid dans les transportsCela m’est arrivé dans les transports pendant l’hiver 2014-2015 où je trouvais que, malgré les annonces faites par la RATP sur la modernité des systèmes de climatisation des trains, je n’avais pas vraiment l’impression que c’était si efficace que cela. Il y faisait soit trop chaud soit trop froid, et c’est un reproche qui est semble-t-il partagé par bon nombre de voyageurs.
Pour en avoir le coeur net, il fallait que je mesure la température dans le wagon du train. Mais comment ? La première idée est de prendre un vieux thermomètre à mercure et de mesurer le température immédiate. Sauf que ce n’est pas suffisant de mesurer une seule fois, il faut le faire sur la longueur du trajet. Les portes du train s’ouvrent, la climatisation peut disjoncter au passage d’une jonction électrique…
Prendre un crayon et noter les mesures ? Je me dis que je ne vais tout de même pas faire cela à l’heure du tout numérique (on en reparlera plus tard).
Je me mets donc à la recherche d’un capteur autonome capable d’enregistrer des mesures.
Vous connaissez Texas Instruments ? Mais, si ! Le fabricant de votre calculatrice au collège ! Et bien Texas Instruments est avant tout fabricant de semi-conducteurs.
Afin de démontrer les capacités de ses puces bluetooth, le fabricant propose des démonstrateurs embarquant des capteurs.
Ni une ni deux, je commande sur le site d’un distributeur. Une fois le produit reçu, l’application compagnon téléchargée et l’apairage entre le module et le téléphone fait, il ne me suffisait plus qu’à prendre les transports.
Kit de développement Ti Sensor Tag CC2541
Parmi les fonctionnalités:
- Capteur de température ambiante : C’est justement pour cela que je l’ai acheté.
- Capteur de température infrarouge : Pratique pour mesurer à distance la température d’une surface qui serait soumise à un flux de ventilation (ma peau ou une vitre par exemple).
- Capteur d’humidité : Parfait pour mesurer le degré de promiscuité dans les transports.
- Magnétomètre : Je n’ai pas trouvé d’utilité immédiate à cette fonction
- Baromètre : Pour jouer à Señor Météo.
- Accéléromètre : Intéressant pour mesurer le niveau de délicatesse de nos conducteurs.
- Gyroscope : Pour mesurer les mouvements angulaires au cours du voyage.
Il dispose aussi de deux boutons de service utiles pour vos développements, parce qu’à la base, c’est fait pour cela.
interface du logiciel pour le Sensor Tag CC2541
Le produit enregistre toutes les secondes les données dans un fichier qu’il est possible d’exporter. Fini le calepin et le crayon !
Conclusion de cette histoire:- La température est bien régulée comme promis par la RATP.
- Il fait 19-21°C en plein mois de décembre dans les trains.
- C’est le flux d’air qui donne un ressenti plus chaud ou plus frais.
- Il peut faire jusqu’à 5°C en sortie des ventilations sur les plateformes.
Parmi les usages, je me suis imaginé qu’avec cet ensemble de capteurs très peu coûteux (25€) on pouvait collecter des données intéressantes sur les voyages et communiquer auprès des voyageurs:
- Afficher la température extérieure et intérieure sur les écrans d’informations. C’est bête mais c’est un élément de communication fort vis-à-vis du voyageur qui se plains des température dans les trains de banlieue.
- Afficher la vitesse et l’accélération du train pour savoir si l’on se traîne vraiment ou si le cycliste qui nous dépasse a pris des vitamines avant de partir.
- Vérifier l’état des voies en analysant les données du gyroscope et de l’accéléromètre. Le passage d’un train sur un élément de voie abîmé donnerait des informations gyroscopique et accélérométrique anormales par rapport à d’autres trajets du même type.
- Diffuser la position exacte du train en plaçant des tags de type NFC, qui coûtent quelques centimes, le long du trajet (poteaux, murs). Ces tags seraient détectés par le train afin de fournir une localisation plus précise que les balises actives (et donc très coûteuses et à entretenir) positionnées le long des voies actuellement.
A l’hiver 2014-2015 toujours, il faisait un froid glacial au bureau passé 11h. La maintenance avait beau venir régler le thermostat de notre bureau, dire que tout était réglé, nous avions avec les collègues l’impression de vivre “le jour d’après” en plein mois de janvier.
Mes collègues et moi arrivant au travail | Le Jour d’Après de Roland Emmerich | 20th Century Fox
Aucune idée de la température qu’il y faisait. Le thermostat indiquait 26°C. Le technicien appelé à la rescousse nous annonce: “La sonde se trouve sous le plancher, Monsieur, mais de l’autre côté de la cloison”. Suis-je bête, c’est logique… Je me demande encore aujourd’hui, pourquoi des sondes de température ont été posées si éloignées des souffleries, au point qu’elles se retrouvent dans une autre pièce.
Ici, pas de nouveau capteur. J’ai mon super capteur autonome. Il m’a suffit de le poser sur une table pour connaître la température : 18°C.
Temperature du bureau
Conclusion de cette histoire:On a froid, on le sait mais le fait de ne pas avoir d’information chiffrée nous fait douter de nous-mêmes : « le thermostat indique pourtant 26°C, cela doit bien fonctionner, et puis les techniciens sont passés et ont dit que tout était ok; cela doit donc venir de moi ».
Usages imaginés dans les tours de bureaux:- Avoir cette fichue température affichée dans le bureau ! Comme cela, on sait que l’on ne rêve pas.
- Pouvoir brancher des capteurs de température autonomes aux thermostats via radio-fréquence. Je ne sais pas qui a conçu les tours mais mettre des sondes dans le sol, ce n’est pas très malin, éloignées de souffleries encore moins. Pouvoir positionner des sondes autonomes au grè des mouvements de cloison des étages serait un grand pas en avant.
- Dans le même esprit, avoir des interrupteur appairés avec les éclairages par radio-fréquence permettrait d’éviter d’éteindre le bureau du voisin en même temps que le sien.
- Plutôt que de passer par un site inadapté ou un appel téléphonique à l’autre bout du monde, il serait malin de multiplier à côté des équipements la présence de bouton Dash de Amazon pour déclencher automatiquement une opération de maintenance (fonctionne aussi dans les transports, dans la rue, …).
Je me baladais sur l’avenue le coeur ouvert à l’inconnu, … Oui donc, pendant mes trajets, je me renseignais sur les transports, et la transmission des incidents jusqu’aux voyageurs, et j’ai appris à l’occasion d’un incident que cela se faisait par radio. Lors de cet incident, le conducteur nous annonce « suite à une alerte radio, notre train est immobilisé pour une durée indéterminée, je me renseigne schkrkrkrkrkr[bruit de fond de radio] et je reviens vers vous »
Un petit coup de google et j’apprends que les alertes radios sont des messages automatiques émis par les trains sur une fréquence que je n’ai pas trouvée, dans un encodage qui date un peu (et c’est un avantage). J’apprends aussi que la SNCF expérimente la radio par GSM (le GSM Rail) pour remplacer son système analogique. D’ailleurs le GSM Rail fonctionne sur les bandes de fréquences du GSM et que cela pose problème avec certains opérateurs (ceux dans les bandes 800MHz et 900MHz).
Je vous avoue que pour les alertes radios je ne suis pas allé plus loin sauf à connaître quelqu’un à la SNCF qui peut m’envoyer la spécification. Les alertes sont si peu fréquentes (quoique, ca commence à être de moins en moins vrai) que je risque d’y passer 10 ans à trouver la bonne fréquence et le codage.
Je me suis donc intéressé à la radio audio parce que sur les trains de banlieue, la radio est toujours en analogique et risque de le rester encore pour longtemps.
Fréquences radio
Je sais qu’on ne voit toujours pas le rapport avec les avions mais on va y venir.
En sortant des transports, je passe par la station de bus, devant un parking Vinci (on dit Indigo maintenant). Chacun de ces lieux est équipé de panneaux qui affichent des informations : le prochain passage du bus, le nombre de places disponibles dans le parking… Chaque panneau est équipé d’une antenne. Références des panneaux prises, je fais une recherche google et apprend que les panneaux de bus (des Lumiplan Oscar 2) sont équipés de systèmes GSM et comme le GSM est chiffré, cela va être compliqué d’y accéder. Par contre, je tombe sur twitter sur une personne qui a réussi à écrire sur les Panneaux de Jalonnement Dynamique affichant les places de parking (des Optifib PJD). La taille de l’antenne (un quart d’onde en général) donne la fréquence.
Je me mets alors en quête d’un moyen d’écouter tout cela. Je sais que je n’aurais pas forcément le temps de tout décoder mais au moins j’aurais déjà expérimenté la chose en vrai et me rendrais compte de la difficulté/facilité qu’il y a d’accéder à ce type d’information.
Je trouve sur internet que l’on peut accéder en réception à un spectre de fréquences radio relativement large avec une simple clé USB TNT à quelques euros, de 22MHz à 2200MHz. Oui une simple clé USB pour écouter ce qui nous entoure. Plusieurs modèles sont disponibles, certains ayant un spectre plus large mais avec un trou de fréquences au milieu (entre 1100MHz et 1250MHz).
Je lis aussi que les avions diffusent des informations de postionnement par radiofréquence (ADS-B pour Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast sur 1090MHz) et que si l’on est proche d’un aéroport, on peut entendre les directives des contrôleurs aériens .
Je m’équipe donc du dongle USB fraichement recu et j’installe un logiciel de visualisation de spectre (SDRSharp pour windows ou gqrx pour mac).
SDRSharp avec filtrage audio
Avec cette clé à 20€ j’ai pu:
- Ecouter la radio AM et FM. C’est bête mais on peut le faire directement depuis le logiciel pour vérifier que tout fonctionne bien.
- Ecouter la radio numérique terrestre, très peu répandue en France.
- Lire les messages texte de type Tatoo/Tamtam émis par des équipements industriels depuis notamment Rungis (POCSAG), les messages émis par les services de sécurité comme ceux d’un grand parc d’attraction (un monsieur s’est foulé une cheville un jour).
- Ecouter la radio interne de la SNCF sur le réseau régional. Elle émet en FM et on y entend les flash d’information des régulateurs à destination des conducteurs (ce qui est très intéressant quand les voyageurs ne sont pas prévenus d’un incident) et les prises de service.
- Ecouter la borne de taxi de mon quartier qui transmet les appels des clients en FM. Aucun intérêt.
- Ecouter les instructions d’un contrôleur aérien.
- Visualiser une partie des avions qui se trouvent dans un rayon de 300km environ autour de Paris.
Visualisation des informations ADB-S sur une carte
Je n’ai pas réussi à écouter ou à voir:
- La fréquence des panneaux de parking. Je crois avoir trouvé la fréquence, mais il faut faire du reverse engineering sur le signal et je n’ai pas trop le temps.
- La télérelève de mes compteurs. Je sais qu’ils fonctionnent par ondes radio mais je n’observe rien depuis mon compteur calorifique présent dans les parties communes. Je pense qu’il est branché à un concentrateur m-Bus dans l’immeuble qui lui est en RF. En attendant, je fais des relevé réguliers à la main pour voir ma consommation de chauffage l’hiver (oui je suis frileux) et d’eau toute l’année.
- Mes appareils domotiques. Peut-être les messages sont-ils très courts et je n’y ai pas prêté suffisamment attention.
- Les images de video semi-embarquées de la SNCF. Legifrance indique une autorisation dans les 50MHz pour la transmission des images.
- Récupérer les images envoyées par les satellites météo. Là je n’ai pas eu le temps d’aller jusque là mais ca a l’air relativement simple.
Ecoute d’une radio FM avec GQRX
Morale de l’histoireCe qui est intéressant dans tout cela, c’est qu’énormément de données circulent en clair dans les airs mais il faut du temps pour les récupérer et les analyser.
Pour les données de type télémesure, il m’a été impossible d’y accéder et ca me semble être l’usage domestique le plus intéressant. Un peu d’aide serait bienvenu.
Pour les usages plus professionnels et si l’on se projette dans une ville intelligente, on imagine pouvoir barder de capteurs nos équipements publics et les transmettre à un concentrateur pour analyser ces données et décider d’activer d’autres équipements en conséquence, comme par exemple des éclairages, de la signalisation, des indications de circulation ou de déviation, des informations de disponibilités de capacité…
[EDIT du 04/02/2016]
Conclusion provisoireTrois jours après avoir publié cet article je n’en suis toujours pas satisfait. L’objectif était de raconter sous formes d’histoires qui se sont réellement produites la manière dont il est possible d’explorer les radio-fréquences. A partir de là, j’envisageais d’aller plus loin dans mes recherches et je ne voulais pas conclure.
Je pense cependant qu’il faut une conclusion provisoire à cet article.
Ainsi, de ces premières expérimentations, j’en retire déjà trois choses :
- L’invisible devient facilement visible. Il y a 15 ans, pour explorer ce domaine, il était nécessaire d’acquérir des équipements coûteux (plus de 1000€) et avoir des compétences en informatique et en électronique d’un bon niveau. Aujourd’hui ce domaine est devenu accessible financièrement (on parle de 25€) et de nombreux logiciels existent gratuitement.
- La ville intelligente ou les services intelligents sont accessibles à n’importe qui. Il suffit d’en imaginer les usages. J’ai tenté au cours de mes histoires d’imaginer ce que l’on pourrait faire avec ces objets mais il ne s’agit que de débuts d’idées à confronter avec d’autres. Pour faire le lien avec mon article sur l’innovation dans le conseil, je pense que c’est typiquement le genre d’activité qu’il est possible de faire en groupe en incluant des ingénieurs de nos clients afin de développer de nouveaux services.
- Enfin, si l’invisible devient visible facilement, il n’est pas forcément compréhensible immédiatement. Et c’est la limite que j’ai vue quand il s’agissait d’aller plus loin. il faut encore des compétences d’une part mais surtout du temps pour traiter les signaux que l’on reçoit.
Je reviendrai plus précisément dans d’autres articles sur l’utilisation de l’un ou l’autre des capteurs et sur la manière de décoder des signaux. En attendant, je vous laisse une liste de ressources pour que vous puissiez faire vos propres expériences et les partager.
Liste des ressources- Acquérir le kit de développement de Texas Instruments
- Acquérir la clé TNT
- Comparer les capacités des différentes clés et ce que l’on peut faire avec
- Visualiser le spectre de fréquence :
- Rediriger l’audio dans un autre logiciel :
- sur windows : VB audio cable
- sur mac : essayez JackAudio
- Décoder le POCSAG : multimon-ng sur mac et pocsag-pdw sur windows
- Décoder les données ADS-B : dump1090 sur mac ou dump1090 sur windows
- Identifier un signal par sa forme
- Fréquences d’émission de la SNCF
- Carte des faisceaux hertziens (là on part au delà des capacités de la clé)
- Calculer la longueur de l’antenne en mètre : 300 000 / fréquence / 4
Et comme vous avez tout lu jusqu’au bout, voici un petit intermède musical:
Cet article Hacker le monde réel avec les ondes radio et les capteurs est apparu en premier sur Kevin Lagaisse.
La blockchain, qu’est-ce que c’est ?
Blockchain, le New Kid on the Block
On lit depuis quelques mois que la blockchain est une révolution qui va disrupter la banque. Ca a l’air cool. Mais au fait c’est qui cette chaîne de blocs ?
J’ai donc voulu faire un article pour moi-même afin de résumer les grands principes. Il est volontairement axé sur le fonctionnement de la blockchain, plus sur les cinématiques que sur les usages ou le fonctionnement technique. Pour les usages, vous avez de très nombreuses news qui circulent qui vous vantent les bienfaits de la blockchain. Pour les articles plus techniques, je n’en retiendrai qu’un seul en bas de cette page.
La blockchain qu’est-ce que c’est ?La blockchain se résume à un grand registre dupliqué sur les noeuds d’un réseau et sur lequel on inscrirait tous les événements que l’on souhaite tracer.
Chaque noeud du réseau est chargé de le tenir à jour et de vérifier les inscriptions qui y sont faites. Chaque noeud dispose du registre au complet. C’est pour cela que le démarrage de Bitcoins est un peu lent. Il faut télécharger la blockchain au complet – environ 1 Go en ce moment.
L’objectif du système de blockchain est d’assurer l’intégrité des informations qui y sont saisies. Pour bitcoin, il s’agit de transactions de monnaie. Mais on pourrait y mettre d’autres choses. skaï’z ze limit.
La transactionUne transaction, c’est un contrat entre deux personnes sur des termes définis. Afin de rendre ce contrat acceptable entre les parties, les deux représentants de ces parties le signent pour signifier leur accord.
Ainsi chaque utilisateur qui souhaite inscrire une transaction dans le registre dispose d’une clé sécrète et d’une clé publique. La clé secrète sert à apposer la notion d’émetteur – on peut le vérifier avec la clé accessible publiquement – et la clé publique la notion de propriété – seul celui en possession de la clé secrète peut lire le message.
C’est sur ce principe que repose bitcoin pour gérer les transactions. Dans un grand livre de compte réparti au travers du réseau, des transactions sont inscrites avec la date, l’objet de la transaction (le montant pour les bitcoins), l’émetteur, le bénéficiaire ainsi qu’une énigme pour pouvoir réutiliser le contenu de la transaction – les bitcoins en question dans le cas de bitcoin. Souvent il s’agit uniquement de la signature du bénéficiaire, mais on peut très bien imaginer qu’il faille aussi la signature de son conjoint pour pouvoir débloquer le contenu de la transaction et le lier à une nouvelle transaction.
Notre transaction étant constituée, elle est transmise au réseau pour être ajoutée avec d’autres transactions dans un bloc de la chaîne.
Le blocUn bloc c’est une page du livre de compte. Les pages du livre de compte sont numérotées. La page 5 est donc située après la page 4.
Techniquement, chaque bloc s’ouvre avec une transaction qui est l’empreinte du bloc précédent – c’est l’équivalent du numéro de page. Le noeud reçoit des transactions des autres noeuds au fil du temps et constitue un bloc avec ceux-ci en les rangeant dans l’ordre de leur arrivée comme on écrirait les transactions sur la page courante.
Un arbre de hashage – Arbre de Merkle – est construit de manière à obtenir la signature de toutes les transactions du bloc dont il est possible de vérifier rapidement l’intégrité.
Blockchain et Arbre de Merkel| Wikimedia, CC BY-SA 3.0
À partir de là il suffirait d’envoyer son bloc dans le réseau pour qu’il soit pris en compte. Sauf qu’avec ce principe rien n’empêche de spammer un réseau ouvert avec des blocs.
Par contre, on peut le rendre tellement coûteux que cela n’en vaut pas la peine.
Ainsi dans chaque bloc, on a introduit un “nonce” qui est un numéro que l’on ajoute dans le bloc, afin de résoudre un défi. L’objectif de ce défi est assez simple puisqu’il s’agit d’obtenir une empreinte du bloc avec beaucoup de zéros consécutifs au début. Autant dire que le processeur est mis à contribution pour arriver à ce résultat. Et c’est justement parce que le bloc a été coûteux à constituer qu’il fait foi auprès du réseau – outre le fait qu’il soit intègre.
A noter que l’opération qui consiste à trouver la “plus petite” empreinte possible s’appelle le minage – et là on raccroche les wagons avec le mining dont on nous rabâche les oreilles depuis des années sur le bitcoin.
Golden Ticket |Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, Tim Burton, Warner Bros. Pictures
A ce stade, on a réussi à prouver que le bloc a nécessité une certaine somme de travail et qu’il peut être pris en compte par réseau. il ne s’agit pas d’un spam.
La BlockchainÉvidemment, notre noeud n’est pas le seul à miner et d’autres blocs sont envoyés au réseau. Ces blocs peuvent d’ailleurs contenir des transactions contenues dans notre bloc et d’autres transactions que nous n’avons pas encore reçues. Ils peuvent aussi référencer le même bloc parent ou un autre bloc de la chaîne.
Heureusement le système de blockchains est fait pour qu’il n’y ait qu’une seule chaîne de référence qui fait foi auprès de tous les noeuds.
Quand les blocs arrivent, ils sont vérifiés. S’ils sont bien formés, ils sont ajoutés à la chaîne de bloc et le minage démarre à partir de ce nouveau noeud.
Sauf que parfois, deux ou plusieurs blocs peuvent être générés dans un lapse de temps rapproché et transmis au réseau. Une bifurcation est alors créée pour stocker le second bloc en attendant que l’anomalie soit résolue avec l’arrivée du bloc suivant. Au final c’est la branche la plus longue qui est prise comme référence par tous les noeuds. Cela se résout assez rapidement.
C’est pour cela qu’il faut attendre un peu de temps (6 blocs d’après ce qu’on lira ici et là) pour confirmer une transaction afin d’être sûr que la transaction soit présente sur la chaîne principale.
Pour aller plus loin, il y a le papier original de Satoshi Nakamoto sur le bitcoin
Mais s’il ne fallait retenir qu’un seul article je ne peux que conseiller celui-ci que je viens de découvrir :
https://www.igvita.com/2014/05/05/minimum-viable-block-chain/
On remarquera qu’il y a quelques petites différences par rapport à la blockchain de bitcoin mais tout est décrit dans le détail avec les raisons de chacun des choix. Une référence pour moi.
Image d’entête : Bitcoin Chain, BTC Keychain, CC BY 2.0
Cet article La blockchain, qu’est-ce que c’est ? est apparu en premier sur Kevin Lagaisse.
Uberization of everything : le côté pervers de l’argent d’Uber
Parce qu’il faut bien faire un jeu de mot
Vous connaissez les GAFA – Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon ? Oubliez-les ou presque. Voici Netflix, Airbnb, Tesla et Uber, les NATU.
Alors que les GAFA dominent le monde du numérique, les NATU font… la même chose.
les NATU : Netflix, Airbnb, Tesla, Uber
Comme pour les GAFA, dans les NATU, on retrouve des choux et des carottes. Dans chacun des deux groupes, nous n’avons qu’un seul constructeur, Apple d’un côté et Tesla de l’autre. Mais ce qui m’intéresse, ce sont Airbnb et Uber. Ils font le même métier : la “mise en relation”.Grâce à eux, nous avons le droit à de nouveaux mots : disruption et uberisation (airbnbisation c’était plus dur à prononcer, désolé les mecs).
On voit donc fleurir ces nouveaux concepts dans les présentations, les articles de presse et les discours des consultants. L’avenir de l’économie est à l’uberization. Uberization of everything ! Faites votre révolution digitale si vous ne voulez pas perdre votre marché ! Disrupt eveything !
Une chose est claire, Airbnb et Uber ont réussi là où les acteurs historiques ont échoué : la simplicité d’accès et la qualité de service – quoi que, pour le second point, ca commence à ne plus être si vrai.
En n’incluant pas le numérique dans leur ADN, les taxis ont laissé la porte grande ouverte à de nouveaux entrants capables répondre aux attentes clairement exprimées par les consommateurs depuis des années. Ajoutez à cela une communication léchée sur une qualité de service aux antipodes de leurs concurrents et vous avez un appel d’air mérité vers ces services.
Uberization of everything : l’application Uber | Uber
Sauf qu’il y a des côtés pervers à l’uberization L’uberization crée de la précaritéL’uberization est une forme d’esclavage moderne ou de proxénétisme car il vise à exploiter du travail d’autrui sans en assumer aucune responsabilité. l’Uberizeur c’est celui qui se place entre le client et le travailleur pour ponctionner une partie du revenu qui aura été fixé par avance par l’uberizeur. Et quand l’uberizeur décide de baisser les tarifs, le travailleur n’a plus qu’à se plier aux désirs de son maître ou à abandonner le métier.
L’uberization ne crée pas de la qualitéEn ne contrôlant pas ceux qui fournissent le service, les uberizeurs peuvent laisser entrer le loup dans la bergerie. On ne compte plus les histoires, sur airbnb, de logements très loin des photos ou des commentaires du site, de voyageurs qui se retrouvent à la rue parce que le loueur a pété un cable quand on lui dit que quelque chose n’allait pas, de jeunes femmes qui font une très mauvaise rencontre. Mais aussi sur Uber, quand le chauffeur décide de vous faire visiter trois fois Paris avant de vous amener à destination et/ou de vous casser le nez si votre tête ne lui revient pas trop.
D’ailleurs cette situation s’explique facilement. Pour avoir une certaine qualité de service, il est nécessaire d’avoir un minimum de middle management. Sauf que le middle management est de la responsabilité du client chez Uber ou airbnb. A ce titre, je vous invite à lire cet article sur le sujet.
D’un autre côté, il y a un effet pervers positif inattendu à l’uberization à savoir que :
L’uberization permet de se libérer de l’uberizationQuand Uber a baissé ses tarifs, de nombreux chauffeurs se sont collectés afin de lancer leur propre application (110 000€ tout de même). Ils ont pour ambition de proposer un service, toujours de qualité, mais plus respectueux des travailleurs qu’ils sont.
Uberization of everything : Timmy invente une nouvelle categorie de transport individuel | South Park
Des agriculteurs ont créé leur propre site internet afin de vendre leur production sans être tributaires des centrales d’achat qui leur imposaient des conditions commerciales toujours moins profitables.On retrouve là ce qu’aurait dû être l’essence même de l’uberization. Favoriser une économie du partage qui ne serait pas dans les mains de quelques groupement d’intérêts qui verrouillent les accès aux consommateurs comme le font les mafias.
En attendant, Ohlala veut devenir le Uber de la prostitution. Logique.
Cet article Uberization of everything : le côté pervers de l’argent d’Uber est apparu en premier sur Kevin Lagaisse.
Des blockchains pour gérer l’intégrité documentaire
Le système blockchains sur lequel se base Bitcoins permettrait de tracer de manière décentralisée l’intégrité des empreintes de documents ou des signatures.
Je le vois bien remplacer dans quelques temps les systèmes de gestion de preuve dans les systèmes d’archivage NFZ 42-013.
@Vieilfrance @fcauchi ça remplace la signature électronique et l'horodatage en le transférant d'un tiers2confiance à un système décentralisé
— Kevin (@kevinlagaisse) October 9, 2015
En vrai, ça remplace le scellement et horodatage.
EDIT : 03/03/2016
Allez voir mon article Une blockchain pour l’archivage à valeur probatoire pour plus de détails
Cet article Des blockchains pour gérer l’intégrité documentaire est apparu en premier sur Kevin Lagaisse.
Digitale duurzaamheid?
De afgelopen jaren heb ik er wel wat over gelezen, maar ik heb er eigenlijk nooit erg lang bij stilgestaan: de invloed van digitalisering op ons milieu. Vanochtend kwamen drie dingen samen:
- Vandaag is het Blog Action Day en dit jaar is het thema Climate Change
- In de NRC van gisteren las ik over een onderzoek van Tebodin naar het energiegebruik van de Nederlandse ICT-sector
- Afgelopen weken las ik via de weblog van Alan Ake over 'very long term preservation'.
In The monster footprint of digital technology schrijft Kris de Decker dat het te beperkt is om alleen naar het energieverbruik te kijken. De Decker strooit zo gul met Watts, MegaJoules per kilo en MegaWattUren, dat het me een beetje duizelt. Maar zijn centrale punt is volgens mij dat de productie van microchips, processoren en nanomateriaal zo energie-intensief is, dat de energie die voor het gewoon gebruik van laptops en gadgets nodig is, daarbij bijna in het niet valt.
"The most up-to-date life cycle analysis of a computer dates from 2004 and concerns a machine from 1990. It concluded that while the ratio of fossil fuel use to product weight is 2 to 1 for most manufactured products (you need 2 kilograms of fuel for 1 kilogram of product), the ratio is 12 to 1 for a computer (you need 12 kilograms of fuel for 1 kilogram of computer). Considering an average life expectancy of 3 years, this means that the total energy use of a computer is dominated by production (83% or 7,329 megajoule) as opposed to operation (17%). Similar figures were obtained for mobile phones."
En Richard Heinberg brengt het allemaal bij elkaar:
"Ultimately the entire project of digitized cultural preservation depends on one thing: electricity. As soon as the power goes off, access to the Internet goes down. CDs and DVDs become meaningless plastic disks; e-books become inscrutable and useless; digital archives become as illegible as cuneiform tablets—or more so. Altogether, digitization represents a huge bet on society’s ability to keep the lights on forever."
Hij schetst scenario's waarbij tussen nu en 15 tot 20 jaar regelmatig 'black-outs' plaatsvinden en we dus voor kortere of langere tijd zonder stroom moeten leven. Naar aanleiding daarvan vindt Heinberg dat het de plicht van een bibliothecaris is, om ervoor te zorgen dat "essential cultural knowledge" analoog bewaard blijft. Het is me niet helemaal duidelijk of hij dan doelt op cultuuruitingen heeft, of op meer praktische antwoorden die nodig zijn om zonder stroom te kunnen overleven (Hoe zuiver ik water? Welke planten kun je eten?)
Maar uiteindelijk is de paradox dus dat het voortbestaan van datgene wat we de afgelopen jaren digitaal gemaakt hebben en de komende jaren zullen maken, afhankelijk is van de continue groei van de infrastructuur voor energieproductie en -consumptie. En juist die groei eist een steeds grotere, misschien wel catastrofale tol van milieu en maatschappij.
Misschien zou dit ook een aspect moeten zijn bij het maken en beheren van een Duurzaam Digitaal Depot (al bevat ED3 hier natuurlijk geen eisen over).
Het plaatje is van Grace Grothaus.
PLANETS Time Capsule
Eergisteren heeft PLANETS een "digitale tijdcapsule" opgeslagen in de digitale kluis van Swiss Fort Knox, om te vieren dat het project bijna afgelopen is.
De Time Capsule is een metalen doos met daarin verschillende digitale objecten: een foto in jpg, een bericht in Java, een filmpje in MOV, in webpagina in HTML en een brochure in PDF. Daarnaast is van ieder object ook een representatie in "archief-formaat" toegevoegd zoals PDF/A, TIFF, JPEG2000 en MPEG4. Alle objecten zijn op verschillende dragers opgeslagen: floppy disks, CD's, DVD's, Flash-drives en HDD's, inclusief leesapparatuur. Verschillende objecten zijn blijkbaar ook op papier en microfilm vastgelegd. Verder is allerlei software toegevoegd: conversie-tools, viewers en OS-software. Tenslotte is alles beschreven: bestandsformaten, file systems, de objecten zelf en hun relaties met de soft- en hardware.
De objecten in de tijdcapsule zullen in de toekomst beschikbaar gesteld worden aan onderzoekers, zodat die kunnen vaststellen of en hoe het mogelijk is op basis van deze informatie de digitale objecten toegankelijk te maken.
Binnenkort zal PLANETS de bestanden op de website plaatsen, zodat anderen ook kunnen experimenteren met deze objecten. En, en dat vind ik heel interessant klinken, naar het schijnt, kunnen archieven en musea kopieën van de objecten krijgen die ze kunnen gebruiken voor exposities en tentoonstellingen.
Klik hier voor meer foto's van de plaatsing van de capsule.
Eerdere berichten over PLANETS
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Een bestand waarin activiteiten van gebruikers en mutaties van gegevens worden vastgelegd.
- Een audit trail van een RMA bevat handelingen gedaan door gebruikers en beheerders en handelingen als gevolg van de instellingen (systeem parameters) die automatisch worden bijgehouden door of binnen de applicatie.